2021 AMC 12A Spring 第 21 题

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21.

方程 的五个解可写成 xk+ykix_k + y_k i 的形式,其中 1k51 \le k \le 5,且 xkx_kyky_k 为实数。设 EE 是唯一一条经过点 (x1,y1)(x_1, y_1)(x2,y2)(x_2, y_2)(x3,y3)(x_3, y_3)(x4,y4)(x_4, y_4)(x5,y5)(x_5, y_5) 的椭圆。椭圆 EE 的离心率可写成 mn\sqrt{\tfrac{m}{n}},其中 mmnn 是互质的正整数。求 m+nm + n(z1)(z2+2z+4)(z2+4z+6)=0 \begin{aligned} &(z - 1)(z^2 + 2z + 4) \\ &\quad {}\cdot (z^2 + 4z + 6) = 0 \end{aligned}

(回忆:椭圆 EE 的离心率是 ca\tfrac{c}{a}, 其中 2a2aEE 的长轴长,2c2c 是两个焦点之间的距离。)

The five solutions to the equation (z1)(z2+2z+4)(z2+4z+6)=0 \begin{aligned} &(z - 1)(z^2 + 2z + 4) \\ &\quad {}\cdot (z^2 + 4z + 6) = 0 \end{aligned} may be written in the form xk+ykix_k + y_k i for 1k5,1 \le k \le 5, where xkx_k and yky_k are real. Let EE be the unique ellipse that passes through the points (x1,y1),(x_1, y_1), (x2,y2),(x_2, y_2), (x3,y3),(x_3, y_3), (x4,y4),(x_4, y_4), and (x5,y5).(x_5, y_5). The eccentricity of EE can be written in the form mn,\sqrt{\tfrac{m}{n}}, where mm and nn are relatively prime positive integers. What is m+n?m + n?

(Recall that the eccentricity of an ellipse EE is the ratio ca,\tfrac{c}{a}, where 2a2a is the length of the major axis of EE and 2c2c is the distance between its two foci.)

77

99

1111

1313

1515

答案:A
知识点:椭圆复数方程组
难度评级:2450
解答:

根为 z=1z = 1z=1±i3z = -1 \pm i\sqrt3, 和 z=2±i2z = -2 \pm i\sqrt2, 对应点 (1,0)(1, 0)(1,±3)(-1, \pm\sqrt3), 和 (2,±2)(-2, \pm\sqrt2)。 由于关于 xx-轴对称,椭圆具有形式 Ax2+Cy2+Dx+F=0Ax^2 + Cy^2 + Dx + F = 0

代入这些点得到 5x2+6y2+9x14=05x^2 + 6y^2 + 9x - 14 = 0。配方得 所以 a2=361100a^2 = \tfrac{361}{100}(沿 xx 方向),且 b2=361120b^2 = \tfrac{361}{120}。于是 e2=1b2a2=1100120=16e^2 = 1 - \dfrac{b^2}{a^2} = 1 - \dfrac{100}{120} = \dfrac16,所以 e=16e = \sqrt{\tfrac16}5(x+910)2+6y2=36120, 5\left(x + \tfrac{9}{10}\right)^2 + 6y^2 = \tfrac{361}{20},

因此 m=1m = 1n=6n = 6,得 m+n=7m + n = 7

因此,正确答案是 A

The roots are z=1,z = 1, z=1±i3,z = -1 \pm i\sqrt3, and z=2±i2,z = -2 \pm i\sqrt2, giving the points (1,0),(1, 0), (1,±3),(-1, \pm\sqrt3), and (2,±2).(-2, \pm\sqrt2). By symmetry about the xx-axis, the ellipse has the form Ax2+Cy2+Dx+F=0.Ax^2 + Cy^2 + Dx + F = 0.

Substituting the points yields 5x2+6y2+9x14=0.5x^2 + 6y^2 + 9x - 14 = 0. Completing the square gives 5(x+910)2+6y2=36120, 5\left(x + \tfrac{9}{10}\right)^2 + 6y^2 = \tfrac{361}{20}, so a2=361100a^2 = \tfrac{361}{100} (along xx) and b2=361120.b^2 = \tfrac{361}{120}. Then e2=1b2a2=1100120=16,e^2 = 1 - \dfrac{b^2}{a^2} = 1 - \dfrac{100}{120} = \dfrac16, so e=16.e = \sqrt{\tfrac16}.

With m=1m = 1 and n=6,n = 6, we get m+n=7.m + n = 7.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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