2021 AMC 12A Spring 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
求下面这个表达式的值:
What is the value of
2.
对实数 和 在什么条件下 成立?
Under what conditions is true, where and are real numbers?
它永远不成立。
It is never true.
它成立当且仅当 。
It is true if and only if
它成立当且仅当 。
It is true if and only if
它成立当且仅当 且 。
It is true if and only if and
它总是成立。
It is always true.
小提示:
左边是平方根,所以不能为负;这要求 。
The left side is a square root, so it can never be negative; this forces
大提示:
平方得到 ,所以 。
Squaring gives so
解答:
因为 从不为负,等式成立必须有 。两边平方得 ,化简为 ,即 。
反过来,如果 ,则 ;如果还满足 ,那么 。所以这两个条件合在一起正好是所需条件。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Because is never negative, equality requires Squaring both sides gives which simplifies to i.e.
Conversely, if then and if additionally then So both conditions together are exactly what is needed.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
3.
两个自然数的和为 。其中一个数能被 整除。如果擦去这个数的个位数字,就得到另一个数。这两个数的差是多少?
The sum of two natural numbers is One of the two numbers is divisible by If the units digit of that number is erased, the other number is obtained. What is the difference of these two numbers?
小提示:
擦去 的倍数末尾的数字 ,相当于把它除以 。
Erasing the units digit of a multiple of divides it by
大提示:
若较小的数为 ,较大的数就是 ,所以 。
If the smaller number is the larger is so
解答:
较大的数末尾是 ,擦去这个数字会除以 得到较小的数。因此较大的数是较小数的 倍。设较小的数为 ,则两数之和为 ,得 。
两个数是 和 ,它们的差为 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The larger number ends in and erasing that digit divides it by to give the smaller number. So the larger number is times the smaller. Writing the smaller number as the sum is giving
The two numbers are and whose difference is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
4.
Tom 收藏了 条蛇,其中 条是紫色的, 条是开心的。他观察到
• 所有开心的蛇都会加法,
• 没有紫色的蛇会减法,并且
• 所有不会减法的蛇也不会加法。
关于 Tom 的蛇,可以推出下列哪个结论?
Tom has a collection of snakes, of which are purple and of which are happy. He observes that
• all of his happy snakes can add,
• none of his purple snakes can subtract, and
• all of his snakes that can’t subtract also can’t add.
Which of these conclusions can be drawn about Tom’s snakes?
紫色的蛇会加法。
Purple snakes can add.
紫色的蛇是开心的。
Purple snakes are happy.
会加法的蛇是紫色的。
Snakes that can add are purple.
开心的蛇不是紫色的。
Happy snakes are not purple.
开心的蛇不会减法。
Happy snakes can’t subtract.
答案:D
小提示:
串联这些蕴含关系:紫色 不会减法 不会加法
Chain the implications: purple can’t subtract can’t add
大提示:
开心的蛇会加法,但紫色的蛇不会加法;比较这两个事实
Happy snakes can add, but purple snakes cannot add; compare these two facts
解答:
紫色的蛇不会减法,而任何不会减法的蛇也不会加法。所以每条紫色的蛇都不会加法。
每条开心的蛇都会加法。由于紫色的蛇不会加法,没有开心的蛇可能是紫色的;也就是说,开心的蛇不是紫色的。
因此,正确答案是 D。
A purple snake cannot subtract, and any snake that cannot subtract also cannot add. So every purple snake cannot add.
Every happy snake can add. Since purple snakes cannot add, no happy snake can be purple; that is, happy snakes are not purple.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
5.
一名学生把数 乘以循环小数 其中 和 是数字。他没有注意到循环记号,只是计算了 乘以有限小数 。后来他发现自己的答案比正确答案小 。
两位整数 是多少?
When a student multiplied the number by the repeating decimal where and are digits, he did not notice the notation and just multiplied by the terminating decimal Later he found that his answer was less than the correct answer.
What is the two-digit integer
小提示:
设 ,则 ,而
Write Then and
大提示:
两个乘积的差是
The difference of the two products is
解答:
设 为这个两位整数。则 ,而有限小数为 。正确乘积减去学生的乘积为
令 得到 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Let be the two-digit integer. Then while the terminating value is The correct product minus the student’s product is
Setting gives
Thus, the correct answer is E.
6.
一副牌只有红牌和黑牌。随机抽到一张红牌的概率是 。当向这副牌中加入 张黑牌后,抽到红牌的概率变为 。这副牌原来有多少张牌?
A deck of cards has only red cards and black cards. The probability of a randomly chosen card being red is When black cards are added to the deck, the probability of choosing red becomes How many cards were in the deck originally?
小提示:
设红牌数为 ;原牌堆共有 张牌
Let be the number of red cards; the original deck has cards
大提示:
加入 张黑牌后,红牌仍为 张,总数为 ,且比例等于 。
Adding black cards keeps red out of and this equals
解答:
设红牌数为 ,总牌数为 。由 得 。加入 张黑牌后,,所以 。
代入 得 ,因此 ,。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let be the number of red cards and the total. From we get After adding black cards, so
Substituting gives so and
Thus, the correct answer is C.
7.
对实数 和 , 的最小可能值是多少?
What is the least possible value of for real numbers and
小提示:
完全展开;交叉项 和 会抵消
Expand fully; the cross terms and cancel
大提示:
表达式等于 ,两个因子都至少为 。
The expression equals a product of two factors each at least
解答:
展开得 这可因式分解为 。
每个因子都至少为 ,所以乘积至少为 ,且当 时取到等号。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Expanding, This factors as
Each factor is at least so the product is at least with equality when
Thus, the correct answer is D.
8.
数列由 、、,以及对 成立的 定义。三元组 中各数的奇偶性是什么?其中 表示偶数, 表示奇数。
A sequence of numbers is defined by and for What are the parities (evenness or oddness) of the triple of numbers where denotes even and denotes odd?
小提示:
只关心奇偶性,所以用 或 计算每一项,并记住 。
Only parities matter, so compute the sequence with each term as or using
大提示:
奇偶性序列以 为周期;把 对 取余
The parity sequence repeats with period reduce modulo
解答:
模 计算,项 的奇偶性为 、、、、、、、、、、、、、,从 开始以 为周期重复,因为 的奇偶性与 相同,都是 。
由于 、,且 ,所求奇偶性分别与 相同,即 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Working modulo the terms have parities which repeat with period starting from (indeed have the same parities as ).
Since and the parities match those of namely
Thus, the correct answer is C.
9.
下列哪一个表达式等价于
Which of the following is equivalent to
小提示:
把整个乘积乘以 ,启动裂项相消的连锁
Multiply the whole product by to start a telescoping cascade
大提示:
反复使用
Repeatedly apply
解答:
因为 ,将乘积乘以 不改变它的值。于是 再乘以下一个因子 得到 ,依此类推。每一步都会使指数加倍。
用完全部七个因子后,乘积逐层相消,化为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Since multiplying the product by does not change it. Then and multiplying by the next factor gives and so on. Each step doubles the exponent.
After using all seven factors, the product telescopes to
Thus, the correct answer is C.
10.
如下图所示,两个顶点朝下的直圆锥中装有相同体积的液体。两个液面的顶部半径分别为 cm 和 cm。向每个圆锥中投入一个半径为 cm 的球形弹珠,弹珠沉到底部且完全浸没,并且没有液体溢出。窄圆锥中液面上升高度与宽圆锥中液面上升高度的比是多少?
Two right circular cones with vertices facing down as shown in the figure below contain the same amount of liquid. The radii of the tops of the liquid surfaces are cm and cm. Into each cone is dropped a spherical marble of radius cm, which sinks to the bottom and is completely submerged without spilling any liquid. What is the ratio of the rise of the liquid level in the narrow cone to the rise of the liquid level in the wide cone?
答案:E
小提示:
每个圆锥中的液体本身也是圆锥;在起始体积相等时,窄圆锥(半径 )的液体高度是宽圆锥(半径 )的四倍
The liquid in each cone is itself a cone; with equal starting volumes, the narrow cone (radius ) is four times as tall as the wide cone (radius )
大提示:
加入相同的弹珠体积会让两个高度都乘上同一个因子 ,所以上升量之比等于原高度之比
Adding the same marble volume scales the height by the same factor in both cones, so the rises are in the ratio of the original heights
解答:
每个圆锥中的液体形成一个与容器相似的小圆锥。设窄圆锥中液体的半径为 、高度为 ,宽圆锥中液体的半径为 、高度为 。体积相等给出 ,所以 。
投入弹珠后,每个圆锥中的体积都增加相同的 且二者起始体积都是 。因为圆锥体积随高度的三次方缩放,新高度为 ,所以上升量为 。这个因子对两个圆锥相同,因此上升量之比为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The liquid in each cone forms a smaller cone similar to the container. Let the narrow liquid cone have radius and height and the wide one radius and height Equal volumes give so
Dropping the marble raises the volume by the same amount in each cone, and both start with the same volume Because a cone’s volume scales as the cube of its height, the new height is so each rise equals This factor is identical for the two cones, so the rises are in the ratio
Thus, the correct answer is E.
11.
一个激光器放在点 。激光束沿直线传播。Larry 希望光束先击中 -轴并反射,再击中 -轴并反射,最后击中点 。光束沿这条路径传播的总距离是多少?
A laser is placed at the point The laser beam travels in a straight line. Larry wants the beam to hit and bounce off the -axis, then hit and bounce off the -axis, then hit the point What is the total distance the beam will travel along this path?
小提示:
从一条直线反射,可以通过把一个端点关于这条直线反射来把路径拉直
A bounce off a line means reflecting one endpoint across that line straightens the path
大提示:
将起点关于 -轴反射,并将终点关于 -轴反射,然后求两个像点之间的直线距离
Reflect the start across the -axis and the end across the -axis, then take the straight-line distance between the images
解答:
每次反射都可以把路径展开成一条直线。将起点 关于 -轴反射到 ,并将目标点 关于 -轴反射到 。总传播距离等于这两个像点之间的直线距离:
因此,正确答案是 C。
Reflecting the path at each bounce turns it into a single straight segment. Reflect the start across the -axis to and reflect the target across the -axis to The total travel distance equals the straight-line distance between these two images:
Thus, the correct answer is C.
12.
多项式 的所有根都是正整数,且可以重复。 的值是多少?
All the roots of the polynomial are positive integers, possibly repeated. What is the value of
小提示:
这六个正整数根的和为 ,乘积为 ;找出这个多重集合
The six positive integer roots sum to and multiply to find the multiset
大提示:
根为 ; 等于所有三根乘积之和的相反数 。
The roots are equals times the sum of products of the roots taken three at a time
解答:
由韦达定理,六个根的和为 (即 系数的相反数),乘积为 。因此每个根都是 的形式,并且 。因为 ,六个根的和至少为 。只有当每个 都是 或 时才取等号,所以六个根必为 。
因此多项式为 。展开得 的系数是 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
By Vieta’s formulas the six roots sum to (the negative of the coefficient) and multiply to Thus every root is a power with Since the roots have sum at least Equality holds only when every is or so the roots must be
So the polynomial is Expanding, The coefficient of is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
13.
在下列复数 中,哪一个使 的实部最大?
Of the following complex numbers which one has the property that has the greatest real part?
小提示:
每个选项的模都是 ,所以 的模都是 ;只有角度有影响
Every choice has modulus so has modulus only the angle matters
大提示:
若辐角为 则 的实部是 ;找出哪个 最接近 的倍数
For angle the real part of is find which is closest to a multiple of
解答:
每个列出的复数模都是 ,所以 的模是 ,其实部为 ,其中 是 的辐角。五个辐角分别是 ,,,,和 。
乘以 后得到 ,,,,和 。其中最大的余弦是 ,来自 ,实部为 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Each listed number has modulus so has modulus and its real part is where is the argument of The arguments are and
Multiplying by gives and The largest cosine is from giving real part
Thus, the correct answer is B.
14.
求下面这个表达式的值:
What is the value of
小提示:
使用 来化简每一项
Use to simplify each term
大提示:
第一个和是 ,第二个和是 ;这两个对数互为倒数
The first sum is and the second is their logs are reciprocals
解答:
对第一个和,,所以
对第二个和, 与 无关,所以和为 。
由于 ,乘积为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
For the first sum, so
For the second sum, independent of so the sum is
Since the product is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
15.
合唱团指挥必须从他的 名男高音和 名男低音中选出一组歌手。唯一要求是男高音人数与男低音人数之差必须是 的倍数,并且这一组至少有一名歌手。设 为可选组数。 除以 的余数是多少?
A choir director must select a group of singers from among his tenors and basses. The only requirements are that the difference between the number of tenors and basses must be a multiple of and the group must have at least one singer. Let be the number of groups that can be selected. What is the remainder when is divided by
小提示:
用单位根筛法计数满足 的配对 ,其中 。
Count pairs with using a roots of unity filter with
大提示:
计数为 ;再减去 个空组
The count is then subtract for the empty group
解答:
选 名男高音和 名男低音的权重为 。为了只保留 ,使用 的单位根筛法:
项为 。 项含有因子 。 和 项分别为 和 ,相互抵消。因此总和为 ,且 。
这个计数包含空组,所以 ,因此 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Choosing tenors and basses is weighted by To keep only apply a roots of unity filter with
The term is The term has factor The and terms are and which cancel. So the sum is and
This count includes the empty group, so and
Thus, the correct answer is D.
16.
在下面的数列中,对于 ,整数 在数列中出现 次:、、、、、、、、、、、、、、
这个数列的中位数是多少?
In the following list of numbers, the integer appears times in the list for
What is the median of the numbers in this list?
小提示:
这个数列有 项,所以中位数是第 项和第 项的平均数
The list has terms, so the median averages the th and st
大提示:
从开头到数 结束共有 项;找出包含位置 的
The numbers through fill positions up to find the containing position
解答:
数列共有 项,所以中位数是第 项和第 项的平均数。
数值 占据的位置一直到 。因为 ,而 ,所以位置 到 全部等于 。两个中间位置都落在这一段中,所以中位数是 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The list has terms, so the median is the average of the th and st terms.
The value occupies positions up to Since and positions through all equal Both middle positions fall in this block, so the median is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
17.
梯形 满足 、,且 。设 为对角线 和 的交点, 为 的中点。已知 ,长度 可写成 ,其中 和 是正整数,且 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 。
Trapezoid has and Let be the intersection of the diagonals and and let be the midpoint of Given that the length can be written in the form where and are positive integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is
小提示:
由于 ,将 放在原点,让 沿一条坐标轴、 沿另一条坐标轴
Place at the origin with along one axis and along the other, since
大提示:
利用 可推出 对应的参数为 ;于是 分割 ,使
Using forces to be the midpoint-type point with parameter then divides so that
解答:
令 , 在一条轴上, 在另一条轴上,使 。因为 ,可写成 ,其中 为某个实数。于是 ,且 。由 得 ,所以 。
因此 ,且 给出 。对角线 与 (-轴)交于 ,而 。因此 ,所以 。
那么 ,所以 。取 、,得 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Place with on one axis and on the other, so that Since write for some Then and Setting gives so
Thus and gives The diagonal meets (the -axis) at while Hence so
Then so With and we get
Thus, the correct answer is D.
18.
设 是定义在正有理数集合上的函数,对所有正有理数 和 都满足 。又假设 对每个质数 都有 。下列哪个数 满足 ?
Let be a function defined on the set of positive rational numbers with the property that for all positive rational numbers and Suppose that also has the property that for every prime number For which of the following numbers is
小提示:
这个规则使 对质因数可加,且
The rule makes additive over prime factors, and
大提示:
对 ,计算 (分母中的质数对应负指数)
For compute (with negative exponents for denominators)
解答:
函数方程使 完全可加:若 ,则 ,其中分母中的质数贡献负指数,因为 。
逐项计算:,,,,而 。只有最后一个为负。
因此,正确答案是 E。
The functional equation makes completely additive: for we have where a prime in the denominator contributes a negative exponent (since ).
Evaluating: and Only the last is negative.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
19.
方程 在闭区间 中有多少个解?
How many solutions does the equation have in the closed interval
小提示:
使用 改写右边
Rewrite the right side using
大提示:
两个正弦相等给出 或 ;二者的值域都是 。
Equal sines give or each has range
解答:
将右边写为 。两个正弦相等要求 或
第一种化为 ;因为 ,只有 可行,得到 ,在 中的解为 和 。第二种化为 ,在 中唯一解为 。
不同的解是 和 ,共 个。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Write the right side as Equal sines require either or
The first reduces to since only works, giving with solutions and in The second reduces to whose only solution in is
The distinct solutions are and for a total of
Thus, the correct answer is C.
20.
假设一条顶点为 、焦点为 的抛物线上存在一点 ,使得 且 。长度 的所有可能值之和是多少?
Suppose that on a parabola with vertex and a focus there exists a point such that and What is the sum of all possible values of the length
小提示:
将 放在原点,令焦距 ;那么 等于 到准线的距离
Put at the origin with focal distance then equals the distance from to the directrix
大提示:
设 ,使用 和 ,再结合 得到关于 的二次方程
With use and with to get a quadratic in
解答:
令 ,焦点 ,准线为 ,其中 。抛物线上的点 满足 ,且 ,所以 。又 。
代入 : 由 Vieta 公式,两个可能的 值之和为 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let focus and directrix where A point on the parabola satisfies and so Also
Substituting By Vieta’s formulas, the sum of the two possible values of is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
21.
方程 的五个解可写成 的形式,其中 ,且 和 为实数。设 是唯一一条经过点 、、、 和 的椭圆。椭圆 的离心率可写成 ,其中 和 是互质的正整数。求 。
(回忆:椭圆 的离心率是 ,其中 是 的长轴长, 是两个焦点之间的距离。)
The five solutions to the equation may be written in the form for where and are real. Let be the unique ellipse that passes through the points and The eccentricity of can be written in the form where and are relatively prime positive integers. What is
(Recall that the eccentricity of an ellipse is the ratio where is the length of the major axis of and is the distance between its two foci.)
小提示:
五个根是 ,,和 ;它们关于 -轴对称
The five roots are and they are symmetric about the -axis
大提示:
用 拟合这些点,再读出 和 ,求 。
Fit through the points, then read off and to find
解答:
根为 ,,和 ,对应点 ,,和 。由于关于 -轴对称,椭圆具有形式 。
代入这些点得到 。配方得 所以 (沿 方向),且 。于是 ,所以 。
因此 ,,得 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
The roots are and giving the points and By symmetry about the -axis, the ellipse has the form
Substituting the points yields Completing the square gives so (along ) and Then so
With and we get
Thus, the correct answer is A.
22.
假设多项式 的根为 、 和 ,其中角度以弧度计。求 。
Suppose that the roots of the polynomial are and where angles are in radians. What is
小提示:
这三个余弦值是 的根
The three cosines are the roots of
大提示:
除以 来匹配 ,直接读出 。
Divide by to match reading off directly
解答:
设三个根为 。由七次单位根可得 。把这三个角都加倍只是把它们的余弦值重新排列,所以 。于是 等于 。
由积化和差公式得 ,所以 。因此它们的首一多项式为
对比系数得 ,,。因此 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Let the three roots be The seventh roots of unity give Doubling the three angles merely permutes their cosines, so Hence equals
The product-to-sum identity gives so Therefore their monic polynomial is
Matching coefficients, Therefore
Thus, the correct answer is D.
23.
青蛙 Frieda 在一个 方格网中开始一串跳跃,每次跳一格,并随机选择跳跃方向:上、下、左、右。她不斜着跳。当某次跳跃方向会让 Frieda 跳出方格网时,她会“绕回”并跳到相对的边。例如,如果 Frieda 从中心格开始并连续向上跳两次,第一次会到达上排中间格,第二次会让她跳到相对边,落在下排中间格。假设 Frieda 从中心格开始,最多随机跳四次,并且一旦落在角格就停止。她在四次跳跃中的某一次到达角格的概率是多少?
Frieda the frog begins a sequence of hops on a grid of squares, moving one square on each hop and choosing at random the direction of each hop: up, down, left, or right. She does not hop diagonally. When the direction of a hop would take Frieda off the grid, she “wraps around” and jumps to the opposite edge. For example, if Frieda begins in the center square and makes two hops “up,” the first hop places her in the top row middle square, and the second hop causes her to jump to the opposite edge, landing in the bottom row middle square. Suppose Frieda starts from the center square, makes at most four hops at random, and stops hopping if she lands on a corner square. What is the probability that she reaches a corner square on one of the four hops?
小提示:
把方格分成三种状态:中心格、边中格和角格(吸收状态);求出每种状态的转移概率
Group squares into three states: center, edge-middle, and corner (absorbing); find the transition probabilities from each
大提示:
从一个边格出发,Frieda 以 的概率到达角格,以 的概率回到中心,以 的概率到达另一个边格
From an edge square, Frieda reaches a corner with probability returns to center with or moves to another edge with
解答:
将方格分为中心格 、边中格 和角格(吸收状态)。从 出发,每一步都会到达一个 格。从一个 格出发,四个相邻格中有两个是角格,一个是中心格,一个是另一个 格,所以 、、。
设 为从边格出发、在 步内到达角格的概率,且 为从中心出发的概率(第一步必到边格)。于是 ,并且 。计算得 ,且 ,,
从中心开始且有四步可用时,概率等于 (第一步到达边格,剩下三步)。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Classify squares as center edge-middle or corner (absorbing). From every hop lands on an square. From an square, two of the four neighbors are corners, one is the center, and one is another square, so
Let be the probability of reaching a corner within hops starting from an edge square, and let be the corresponding probability from the center. Set Then and Thus and
Starting from the center with four hops available, the probability equals (the first hop reaches an edge, leaving three hops).
Thus, the correct answer is D.
24.
半圆 的直径 长为 。圆 在点 与 相切,并与 相交于点 和 。若 且 ,则 的面积为 ,其中 和 是互质正整数, 是不被任何质数平方整除的正整数。求 。
Semicircle has diameter of length Circle lies tangent to at a point and intersects at points and If and then the area of is where and are relatively prime positive integers and is a positive integer not divisible by the square of any prime. What is
小提示:
在圆 中,,从而得到半径 。
In circle which gives the radius
大提示:
设 、、,圆心为 ;两圆的根轴确定 ,面积为
Set center the radical axis of the two circles locates and the area is
解答:
在圆 中,弦 所对的圆周角 ,所以 ,于是 ,得 。
设 、,且 (上半圆)。因为 在 处与 相切,其圆心为 。两个圆方程相减得到直线 ,而圆心 到 的距离必须等于 。这给出 ,所以 (根 会使 在 外)。
当 时,点 到直线 的距离是 。因此 所以 、、,且 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
In circle the chord subtends the inscribed angle so giving hence
Place with (upper half). Since is tangent to at its center is Subtracting the two circle equations gives the line and the distance from the center to must equal This yields so (the root places outside ).
With the distance from to line is Thus So and
Thus, the correct answer is D.
25.
设 表示整除 的正整数个数,包括 和 。例如,,,且 。(这个函数称为约数函数。)令
存在唯一的正整数 ,使得对所有正整数 都有 。求 的各位数字之和。
Let denote the number of positive integers that divide including and For example, and (This function is known as the divisor function.) Let
There is a unique positive integer such that for all positive integers What is the sum of the digits of
小提示:
是乘法函数,所以可对每个质数 独立最大化 。
is multiplicative, so maximize independently for each prime
大提示:
对 ,最佳指数是 ;对 ,最佳指数是 ;对 ,最佳指数是 ;对 ,最佳指数是 。
For the best exponent is for it is for it is and for it is
解答:
因为 是乘法函数,它的值可按质数幂分解为各个 所对应的项 的乘积。我们分别最大化每一项。
设 ,则 。这个比值随 递减,所以只要看它第一次小于 的位置,就能确定唯一的最大值。由此得到:对 取 ;对 取 ;对 取 ;而对每个质数 取 。
因此 ,其数字和为 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Since is multiplicative, its value factors over prime powers as a product of terms for each prime power We maximize each term separately.
If then This ratio decreases with so checking where it first falls below finds the unique maximum. It gives for for for and for every prime
Hence whose digit sum is
Thus, the correct answer is E.