Solution:

Write the right side as $\cos\left(\tfrac{\pi}{2}\sin x\right) = \sin\left(\tfrac{\pi}{2} - \tfrac{\pi}{2}\sin x\right).$ Equal sines require either $$\frac{\pi}{2}\cos x = \frac{\pi}{2}(1 - \sin x) + 2\pi k \quad\text{or}\quad \frac{\pi}{2}\cos x = \pi - \frac{\pi}{2}(1 - \sin x) + 2\pi k.$$

The first reduces to $\cos x + \sin x = 1 + 4k;$ since $\cos x + \sin x \in [-\sqrt2, \sqrt2],$ only $k = 0$ works, giving $\cos x + \sin x = 1,$ with solutions $x = 0$ and $x = \tfrac{\pi}{2}$ in $[0, \pi].$ The second reduces to $\cos x - \sin x = 1,$ whose only solution in $[0, \pi]$ is $x = 0.$

The distinct solutions are $x = 0$ and $x = \tfrac{\pi}{2},$ for a total of $2.$

Thus, the correct answer is C.