2016 AMC 12B 第 21 题

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21.

ABCDABCD 是单位正方形。令 Q1Q_1CD\overline{CD} 的中点。对 i=1,2,i=1,2,\ldots,令 PiP_iAQi\overline{AQ_i}BD\overline{BD} 的交点,并令 Qi+1Q_{i+1} 为从 PiP_iCD\overline{CD} 的垂足。求

i=1Area of DQiPi? \sum_{i=1}^{\infty}\text{Area of }\triangle DQ_iP_i?

Let ABCDABCD be a unit square. Let Q1Q_1 be the midpoint of CD.\overline{CD}. For i=1,2,,i=1,2,\ldots, let PiP_i be the intersection of AQi\overline{AQ_i} and BD,\overline{BD}, and let Qi+1Q_{i+1} be the foot of the perpendicular from PiP_i to CD.\overline{CD}. What is

i=1Area of DQiPi? \sum_{i=1}^{\infty}\text{Area of }\triangle DQ_iP_i?

16\dfrac16

14\dfrac14

13\dfrac13

12\dfrac12

11

答案:B
知识点:相似裂项相消递推
难度评级:2210
解答:

D=(0,0)D=(0,0)C=(1,0)C=(1,0)B=(1,1)B=(1,1)A=(0,1)A=(0,1),并令 qi=DQiq_i=DQ_i。直线 AQiAQ_iBD\overline{BD}(即直线 y=xy=x)相交于 PiP_i,交点的两个坐标都为 qi1+qi\dfrac{q_i}{1+q_i},所以 qi+1=qi1+qiq_{i+1}=\dfrac{q_i}{1+q_i}。由 q1=12q_1=\tfrac12 可得 qi=1i+1q_i=\dfrac{1}{i+1}。三角形 DQiPi\triangle DQ_iP_i 的底为 DQi=1i+1DQ_i=\dfrac{1}{i+1},高为交点的 yy 坐标;该交点就是 PiP_i,所以高为 qi+1=1i+2q_{i+1}=\dfrac{1}{i+2}。于是 求和后中间项相消,得到 1212=14\tfrac12\cdot\tfrac12=\tfrac14Area of DQiPi=121i+11i+2=12(1i+11i+2). \begin{gathered} \text{Area of }\triangle DQ_iP_i=\tfrac12\cdot\dfrac{1}{i+1} \\ \quad{}\cdot\dfrac{1}{i+2} \\ {}=\tfrac12\left(\dfrac{1}{i+1}-\dfrac{1}{i+2}\right). \end{gathered}

所以正确答案是 B

Place D=(0,0),D=(0,0), C=(1,0),C=(1,0), B=(1,1),B=(1,1), A=(0,1),A=(0,1), and let qi=DQi.q_i=DQ_i. Intersecting line AQiAQ_i with BD\overline{BD} (the line y=xy=x) gives PiP_i with both coordinates qi1+qi,\dfrac{q_i}{1+q_i}, so qi+1=qi1+qi.q_{i+1}=\dfrac{q_i}{1+q_i}. From q1=12q_1=\tfrac12 this yields qi=1i+1.q_i=\dfrac{1}{i+1}. The base of DQiPi\triangle DQ_iP_i is DQi=1i+1DQ_i=\dfrac{1}{i+1} and its height is the yy-coordinate of Pi,P_i, which is qi+1=1i+2.q_{i+1}=\dfrac{1}{i+2}. Then Area of DQiPi=121i+11i+2=12(1i+11i+2). \begin{gathered} \text{Area of }\triangle DQ_iP_i=\tfrac12\cdot\dfrac{1}{i+1} \\ \quad{}\cdot\dfrac{1}{i+2} \\ {}=\tfrac12\left(\dfrac{1}{i+1}-\dfrac{1}{i+2}\right). \end{gathered} Summing telescopes to 1212=14.\tfrac12\cdot\tfrac12=\tfrac14.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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