2012 AMC 12B 第 21 题

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21.

正方形 AXYZAXYZ 内接于等角六边形 ABCDEFABCDEF,其中 XXBC\overline{BC}YYDE\overline{DE}, 且 ZZEF\overline{EF}。 已知 AB=40AB = 40EF=41(31)EF = 41(\sqrt{3} - 1)。 正方形的边长是多少?

Square AXYZAXYZ is inscribed in equiangular hexagon ABCDEFABCDEF with XX on BC,\overline{BC}, YY on DE,\overline{DE}, and ZZ on EF.\overline{EF}. Suppose that AB=40AB = 40 and EF=41(31).EF = 41(\sqrt{3} - 1). What is the side-length of the square?

29329\sqrt{3}

2122+4123\dfrac{21}{2}\sqrt{2} + \dfrac{41}{2}\sqrt{3}

203+1620\sqrt{3} + 16

202+13320\sqrt{2} + 13\sqrt{3}

21621\sqrt{6}

答案:A
知识点:等角多边形全等(几何)勾股定理
难度评级:2170
解答:

延长 EFEFCBCB,并过 AA 作一条同时垂直于它们的直线,交点分别为 HHJJ。 因为 ABJ=60\angle ABJ=60^\circBJ=20BJ=20AJ=203AJ=20\sqrt3。 令 u=BXu=BX, 勾股定理给出 s2=(20+u)2+(203)2s^2=(20+u)^2+(20\sqrt3)^2

等角条件使四个角部三角形全等,沿 EFEF 追踪相等线段可得 所以 u=21320u=21\sqrt3-20u+203=41(31)+20+u3, \begin{aligned} u+20\sqrt3 &= 41(\sqrt3-1) \\ &\quad {}+\frac{20+u}{\sqrt3}, \end{aligned}

因为 20+u=21320+u=21\sqrt3,所以 因此 s=293s=29\sqrt3s2=(213)2+(203)2=3(441+400)=3292, \begin{aligned} s^2 &= (21\sqrt3)^2+(20\sqrt3)^2 \\ &= 3(441+400)=3\cdot29^2, \end{aligned}

因此正确答案是 A

Extend EFEF and CBCB to a line through AA perpendicular to both, meeting them at HH and J.J. Since ABJ=60,\angle ABJ=60^\circ, we have BJ=20BJ=20 and AJ=203.AJ=20\sqrt3. With u=BX,u=BX, the Pythagorean theorem gives s2=(20+u)2+(203)2.s^2=(20+u)^2+(20\sqrt3)^2.

The equiangular angles make the four corner triangles congruent, and chasing the equal segments along EFEF yields u+203=41(31)+20+u3, \begin{aligned} u+20\sqrt3 &= 41(\sqrt3-1) \\ &\quad {}+\frac{20+u}{\sqrt3}, \end{aligned} so u=21320.u=21\sqrt3-20.

Since 20+u=213,20+u=21\sqrt3, we get s2=(213)2+(203)2=3(441+400)=3292, \begin{aligned} s^2 &= (21\sqrt3)^2+(20\sqrt3)^2 \\ &= 3(441+400)=3\cdot29^2, \end{aligned} giving s=293.s=29\sqrt3.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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