2011 AMC 12B 第 21 题

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21.

两个不同正整数 xxyy 的算术平均数是一个两位整数。xxyy 的几何平均数等于把这个算术平均数的两位数字颠倒后得到的数。xy|x-y| 是多少?

The arithmetic mean of two distinct positive integers xx and yy is a two-digit integer. The geometric mean of xx and yy is obtained by reversing the digits of the arithmetic mean. What is xy?|x-y|?

2424

4848

5454

6666

7070

答案:D
知识点:平方差完全平方数数字
难度评级:2180
解答:

设算术平均数为 10a+b10a+b,几何平均数为 10b+a10b+a,则 x+y=2(10a+b)x+y=2(10a+b),且 xy=(10b+a)2xy=(10b+a)^2

因此 这恰为完全平方数时,需要 a>ba>b,且 u=abu=a-b 为完全平方数。在数字解中,只有 v=a+bv=a+b 可行,得到 (a,b)=(6,5)(a,b)=(6,5)1u91\le u\le9 1v171\le v\le1711uv11uv uvuv 1111v=11v=11u<11u<11 v<22v<2211uv=121u11uv=121u uu uu vv u=1u=1 99a=10a=10u=1u=1 (xy)2=(x+y)24xy=396(a2b2)=1162(a+b)(ab). \begin{aligned} (x-y)^2 &=(x+y)^2-4xy \\ &=396(a^2-b^2) \\ &=11\cdot6^2 \\ &\quad {}\cdot(a+b)(a-b). \end{aligned}

于是 (xy)2=116211=662(x-y)^2=11\cdot6^2\cdot11=66^2,所以 xy=66|x-y|=66。(确实有 {x,y}={32,98}\{x,y\}=\{32,98\}。)

所以正确答案是 D

Let the arithmetic mean be 10a+b10a+b and the geometric mean be 10b+a.10b+a. Then x+y=2(10a+b)x+y=2(10a+b) and xy=(10b+a)2.xy=(10b+a)^2.

Therefore (xy)2=(x+y)24xy=396(a2b2)=1162(a+b)(ab). \begin{aligned} (x-y)^2 &=(x+y)^2-4xy \\ &=396(a^2-b^2) \\ &=11\cdot6^2 \\ &\quad {}\cdot(a+b)(a-b). \end{aligned} Since the arithmetic mean exceeds the geometric mean for distinct positive numbers, a>b.a>b. Put u=abu=a-b and v=a+b.v=a+b. Then 1u91\le u\le9 and 1v17.1\le v\le17. For 11uv11uv to be a square, uvuv must contain an odd power of 11.11. Therefore v=11,v=11, because u<11u<11 and v<22.v<22. Now 11uv=121u11uv=121u is a square, so uu is a square. Also uu and vv have the same parity, leaving u=1u=1 or 9.9. The latter gives a=10,a=10, not a digit, so u=1u=1 and (a,b)=(6,5).(a,b)=(6,5).

Then (xy)2=116211=662,(x-y)^2=11\cdot6^2\cdot11=66^2, so xy=66.|x-y|=66. (Indeed {x,y}={32,98}.\{x,y\}=\{32,98\}.)

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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