1987 AMC 12 第 21 题

先试着解答 1987 AMC 12 第 21 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 1987 AMC 12 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

21.

在一个给定的等腰直角三角形中内接正方形,有两种自然的方式。若按下图 11 所示的方式内接,则正方形的面积为 441 cm2441\text{ cm}^2。问面积以 cm2\text{cm}^2 为单位时,在同一个 △ABC\triangle ABC 中按下图 22 所示方式内接的正方形面积是多少?
There are two natural ways to inscribe a square in a given isosceles right triangle. If it is done as in Figure 11 below, then one finds that the area of the square is 441 cm2.441\text{ cm}^2. What is the area (in cm2\text{cm}^2) of the square inscribed in the same △ABC\triangle ABC as shown in Figure 22 below?
378378
392392
400400
441441
484484
答案:B
知识点:similar trianglesinscribed squarearea scaling
小提示:
利用图 11 求出这个等腰直角三角形的直角边长
Use Figure 11 to determine the leg length of the isosceles right triangle
大提示:
在图 22 中,比较倾斜正方形的边长与其对边在两条等长直角边上截出的线段
In Figure 2,2, compare the side of the tilted square with the two equal leg segments cut off by its opposite side
解答:
第一个正方形的边长为 2121,所以三角形的两条直角边长均为 4242。设倾斜正方形的边长为 ss。位于斜边上的那条边与连接两条直角边的对边平行。这条对边的两个端点为 (0,k)(0,k) 和 (k,0)(k,0),所以 s=k2s=k\sqrt2。平行直线 x+y=kx+y=k 与 x+y=42x+y=42 之间的距离也等于 ss,因此 s=42−k2,k=s2。 s=\frac{42-k}{\sqrt2},\qquad k=\frac{s}{\sqrt2}\text{。}由此 s=142s=14\sqrt2,正方形的面积为 s2=392s^2=392。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The first square has side 21,21, so the triangle’s legs have length 42.42. Let ss be the side of the tilted square. Its side on the hypotenuse is parallel to the opposite side joining the legs. That opposite side has endpoints (0,k)(0,k) and (k,0),(k,0), so s=k2.s=k\sqrt2. The distance between the parallel lines x+y=kx+y=k and x+y=42x+y=42 is also s,s, giving s=42−k2,k=s2. s=\frac{42-k}{\sqrt2},\qquad k=\frac{s}{\sqrt2}. Hence s=142,s=14\sqrt2, and its area is s2=392.s^2=392.
Thus the correct answer is B.
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