2021 AMC 12B Spring 第 17 题

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17.

ABCDABCD 是等腰梯形,平行底边为 AB\overline{AB}CD\overline{CD},且 AB>CDAB\gt CD。 从 ABCDABCD 内一点连到各顶点,把梯形分成四个三角形,它们的面积从以 CD\overline{CD} 为底的三角形开始并按顺时针方向如图所示分别为 2,3,42, 3, 4, 和 55。比值 ABCD\dfrac{AB}{CD} 是多少?

Let ABCDABCD be an isosceles trapezoid having parallel bases AB\overline{AB} and CD\overline{CD} with AB>CD.AB\gt CD. Line segments from a point inside ABCDABCD to the vertices divide the trapezoid into four triangles whose areas are 2,3,4,2, 3, 4, and 55 starting with the triangle with base CD\overline{CD} and moving clockwise as shown in the diagram below. What is the ratio ABCD?\dfrac{AB}{CD}?

33

2+22+\sqrt2

1+61+\sqrt6

232\sqrt3

323\sqrt2

答案:B
知识点:梯形面积比二次方程
难度评级:2010
解答:

AB=aAB=aCD=bCD=b,并设内点到 ABABCDCD 的高度分别为 hah_ahbh_b。底边三角形给出 12aha=4\tfrac12 a h_a=412bhb=2\tfrac12 b h_b=2,所以 aha=8a h_a=8bhb=4b h_b=4

总面积为 2+3+4+5=142+3+4+5=14 =12(a+b)(ha+hb)=\tfrac12(a+b)(h_a+h_b), 所以 (a+b)(ha+hb)=28(a+b)(h_a+h_b)=28。 展开得 aha+bhb+ahb+bha=28a h_a+b h_b+a h_b+b h_a=28, 因此 ahb+bha=16a h_b+b h_a=16

u=ahbu=a h_bv=bhav=b h_au+v=16u+v=16,且 uv=(aha)(bhb)=32uv=(a h_a)(b h_b)=32, 所以 u,v=8±42u,v=8\pm 4\sqrt2

最后 ABCD\dfrac{AB}{CD} =ab=\dfrac{a}{b} =ahbbhb=\dfrac{a h_b}{b h_b} =u4=\dfrac{u}{4} =8+424=\dfrac{8+4\sqrt2}{4} =2+2=2+\sqrt2

所以正确答案是 B

Let AB=a,AB=a, CD=b,CD=b, and let the interior point be at heights hah_a from ABAB and hbh_b from CD.CD. The base triangles give 12aha=4\tfrac12 a h_a=4 and 12bhb=2,\tfrac12 b h_b=2, so aha=8a h_a=8 and bhb=4.b h_b=4.

The total area is 2+3+4+5=142+3+4+5=14 =12(a+b)(ha+hb),=\tfrac12(a+b)(h_a+h_b), so (a+b)(ha+hb)=28.(a+b)(h_a+h_b)=28. Expanding, aha+bhb+ahb+bha=28,a h_a+b h_b+a h_b+b h_a=28, giving ahb+bha=16.a h_b+b h_a=16.

Let u=ahbu=a h_b and v=bha.v=b h_a. Then u+v=16u+v=16 and uv=(aha)(bhb)=32,uv=(a h_a)(b h_b)=32, so u,v=8±42.u,v=8\pm 4\sqrt2.

Finally ABCD\dfrac{AB}{CD} =ab=\dfrac{a}{b} =ahbbhb=\dfrac{a h_b}{b h_b} =u4=\dfrac{u}{4} =8+424=\dfrac{8+4\sqrt2}{4} =2+2.=2+\sqrt2.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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