2022 AMC 12B 第 17 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

17.

有多少个 4×44 \times 400-11 数组,使得四行的和以某种顺序为 11223344,而四列的和也以某种顺序为 11223344?例如,数组 [1110011011110100]\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix} 满足条件。

How many 4×44 \times 4 arrays whose entries are 00s and 11s are there such that the row sums (the sum of the entries in each row) are 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, and 4,4, in some order, and the column sums (the sum of the entries in each column) are also 1,1, 2,2, 3,3, and 4,4, in some order? For example, the array [1110011011110100]\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 \\ 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 \end{bmatrix} satisfies the condition.

144144

240240

336336

576576

624624

答案:D
知识点:乘法原理分类讨论
难度评级:1840
小提示:

和为 44 的行全是 11,和为 44 的列也全是 11

The row of sum 44 is all 11s and the column of sum 44 is all 11s

大提示:

删除和为 44 的列;剩下的 4×34 \times 3 数组行和为 0,1,2,30,1,2,3,列和为 1,2,31,2,3

Delete the sum-44 column; the remaining 4×34 \times 3 array has row sums 0,1,2,30,1,2,3 and column sums 1,2,31,2,3

解答:

行和为 44 的行全是 11,列和为 44 的列也全是 11。将行和 1,2,3,41, 2, 3, 4 分配给四行有 4!4! 种方式,选择哪一列的和为 4444 种方式。

删除该列后,剩下的 4×34 \times 3 数组的行和为 0,1,2,30, 1, 2, 3,列和必须为 1,2,31, 2, 3。全零行和全一行已确定;行和为 1122 的两行有 66 种排法,使列和按某种顺序成为 1,2,31, 2, 3

因此总数为 2446=57624 \cdot 4 \cdot 6 = 576

所以正确答案是 D

The row with sum 44 is all 11s and the column with sum 44 is all 11s. There are 4!4! ways to assign the row sums 1,2,3,41, 2, 3, 4 to the four rows, and 44 choices for which column has sum 4.4.

Delete that column. The remaining 4×34 \times 3 array has row sums 0,1,2,30, 1, 2, 3 and must have column sums 1,2,3.1, 2, 3. The all-zero and all-one rows are forced; the rows of reduced sum 11 and 22 can be placed in 66 ways to produce column sums 1,2,31, 2, 3 in some order.

The total is 2446=576.24 \cdot 4 \cdot 6 = 576.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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