2012 AMC 12A 第 17 题

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17.

SS{1,2,3,,30}\{1, 2, 3, \ldots, 30\} 的一个子集,且 SS 中任意两个不同元素的和都不能被 55 整除。SS 的最大可能大小是多少?

Let SS be a subset of {1,2,3,,30}\{1, 2, 3, \ldots, 30\} with the property that no pair of distinct elements in SS has a sum divisible by 5.5. What is the largest possible size of S?S?

1010

1313

1515

1616

1818

答案:B
知识点:模运算子集极端原理
难度评级:1800
解答:

按模 55 的余数将 {1,,30}\{1, \ldots, 30\} 分组;每类有 66 个数。当余数组合为 0+00{+}01+41{+}42+32{+}3 时,和能被 55 整除。

因此 SS 最多使用一个 0\equiv 0 的数,并且在 {1},{4}\{1\}, \{4\} 两类中最多选一类,在 {2},{3}\{2\}, \{3\} 两类中最多选一类。这最多允许 1+6+6=131 + 6 + 6 = 13 个数。

集合 {1,2,6,7,11,12\{1, 2, 6, 7, 11, 12 16,17,21,2216, 17, 21, 22 26,27,30}26, 27, 30\} 可以达到 1313,所以最大值为 1313

因此,正确答案是 B

Group {1,,30}\{1, \ldots, 30\} by residue modulo 5;5; each class has 66 numbers. A sum is divisible by 55 when the residues are 0+0,0{+}0, 1+4,1{+}4, or 2+3.2{+}3.

So SS can use at most one number 0,\equiv 0, and only one of the classes {1},{4}\{1\}, \{4\} and only one of {2},{3}.\{2\}, \{3\}. That allows at most 1+6+6=131 + 6 + 6 = 13 numbers.

The set {1,2,6,7,11,12,\{1, 2, 6, 7, 11, 12, 16,17,21,22,16, 17, 21, 22, 26,27,30}26, 27, 30\} achieves 13,13, so the maximum is 13.13.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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