2024 AMC 12B 第 17 题

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17.

从绝对值不超过 1010 的整数集合中,不放回地随机选取整数 aabb。多项式 x3+ax2+bx+6x^3 + ax^2 + bx + 633 个不同整数根的概率是多少?

Integers aa and bb are randomly chosen without replacement from the set of integers with absolute value not exceeding 10.10. What is the probability that the polynomial x3+ax2+bx+6x^3 + ax^2 + bx + 6 has 33 distinct integer roots?

1240\dfrac{1}{240}

1221\dfrac{1}{221}

1105\dfrac{1}{105}

184\dfrac{1}{84}

163\dfrac{1}{63}

答案:C
知识点:韦达定理基本概率分类讨论
难度评级:1910
解答:

集合中有 2121 个整数,所以有 2120=42021 \cdot 20 = 420 个有序选择 (a,b)(a, b)。若多项式有不同整数根 p,q,rp, q, rpqr=6pqr = -6a=(p+q+r)a = -(p + q + r)b=pq+qr+rpb = pq + qr + rp

乘积为 6-6 的不同整数根三元组为 {1,2,3}\{1, 2, -3\}{1,2,3}\{1, -2, 3\}{1,2,3}\{-1, 2, 3\}{1,2,3}\{-1, -2, -3\},以及 {1,1,6}\{1, -1, 6\}。它们给出 (a,b)=(0,7)(a, b) = (0, -7)(2,5)(-2, -5)(4,1)(-4, 1)(6,11)(6, 11),和 (6,1)(-6, -1)。第四组有 b=11>10b = 11 \gt 10,无效;其余四组有效且互不相同。

所求概率为 4420=1105\dfrac{4}{420} = \dfrac{1}{105}

所以正确答案是 C

The set has 2121 integers, so there are 2120=42021 \cdot 20 = 420 ordered choices of (a,b).(a, b). If the polynomial has distinct integer roots p,q,r,p, q, r, then pqr=6,pqr = -6, a=(p+q+r),a = -(p + q + r), and b=pq+qr+rp.b = pq + qr + rp.

The triples of distinct integers with product 6-6 are {1,2,3},\{1, 2, -3\}, {1,2,3},\{1, -2, 3\}, {1,2,3},\{-1, 2, 3\}, {1,2,3},\{-1, -2, -3\}, and {1,1,6}.\{1, -1, 6\}. These give (a,b)=(0,7),(a, b) = (0, -7), (2,5),(-2, -5), (4,1),(-4, 1), (6,11),(6, 11), and (6,1).(-6, -1). The fourth has b=11>10,b = 11 \gt 10, so it is invalid; the other four are valid and distinct.

The probability is 4420=1105.\dfrac{4}{420} = \dfrac{1}{105}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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