2024 AMC 12B 第 17 题

先试着解答 2024 AMC 12B 第 17 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2024 AMC 12B 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

17.

从绝对值不超过 1010 的整数集合中,不放回地随机选取整数 aa、bb。多项式 x3+ax2+bx+6x^3 + ax^2 + bx + 6 有 33 个不同整数根的概率是多少?
Integers aa and bb are randomly chosen without replacement from the set of integers with absolute value not exceeding 10.10. What is the probability that the polynomial x3+ax2+bx+6x^3 + ax^2 + bx + 6 has 33 distinct integer roots?
1240\dfrac{1}{240}
1221\dfrac{1}{221}
1105\dfrac{1}{105}
184\dfrac{1}{84}
163\dfrac{1}{63}
答案:C
知识点:韦达定理基本概率分类讨论
小提示:
若根为不同整数 p,q,rp, q, r,则 pqr=−6pqr = -6、a=−(p+q+r)a = -(p+q+r)、b=pq+qr+rpb = pq + qr + rp。
If the roots are distinct integers p,q,r,p, q, r, then pqr=−6,pqr = -6, a=−(p+q+r),a = -(p+q+r), and b=pq+qr+rpb = pq + qr + rp
大提示:
列出把 −6-6 写成三个不同整数乘积的方式,去掉导致 ∣a∣>10|a|\gt 10 或 ∣b∣>10|b| \gt 10 的情形,再除以 21⋅2021 \cdot 20 个有序选择。
List the ways to write −6-6 as a product of three distinct integers, discard any giving ∣a∣>10|a|\gt 10 or ∣b∣>10,|b| \gt 10, and divide by 21⋅2021 \cdot 20 ordered choices
解答:
集合中有 2121 个整数,所以有 21⋅20=42021 \cdot 20 = 420 个有序选择 (a,b)(a, b)。若多项式有不同整数根 p,q,rp, q, r,则 pqr=−6pqr = -6,a=−(p+q+r)a = -(p + q + r),b=pq+qr+rpb = pq + qr + rp。
乘积为 −6-6 的不同整数根三元组为 {1,2,−3}\{1, 2, -3\},{1,−2,3}\{1, -2, 3\},{−1,2,3}\{-1, 2, 3\},{−1,−2,−3}\{-1, -2, -3\},以及 {1,−1,6}\{1, -1, 6\}。它们给出 (a,b)=(0,−7)(a, b) = (0, -7),(−2,−5)(-2, -5),(−4,1)(-4, 1),(6,11)(6, 11),和 (−6,−1)(-6, -1)。第四组有 b=11>10b = 11 \gt 10,无效;其余四组有效且互不相同。
所求概率为 4420=1105\dfrac{4}{420} = \dfrac{1}{105}。
所以正确答案是 C。
The set has 2121 integers, so there are 21⋅20=42021 \cdot 20 = 420 ordered choices of (a,b).(a, b). If the polynomial has distinct integer roots p,q,r,p, q, r, then pqr=−6,pqr = -6, a=−(p+q+r),a = -(p + q + r), and b=pq+qr+rp.b = pq + qr + rp.
The triples of distinct integers with product −6-6 are {1,2,−3},\{1, 2, -3\}, {1,−2,3},\{1, -2, 3\}, {−1,2,3},\{-1, 2, 3\}, {−1,−2,−3},\{-1, -2, -3\}, and {1,−1,6}.\{1, -1, 6\}. These give (a,b)=(0,−7),(a, b) = (0, -7), (−2,−5),(-2, -5), (−4,1),(-4, 1), (6,11),(6, 11), and (−6,−1).(-6, -1). The fourth has b=11>10,b = 11 \gt 10, so it is invalid; the other four are valid and distinct.
The probability is 4420=1105.\dfrac{4}{420} = \dfrac{1}{105}.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
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