2021 AMC 12A Spring 第 17 题

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17.

梯形 ABCDABCD 满足 ABCDAB \parallel CDBC=CD=43BC = CD = 43,且 ADBDAD \perp BD。设 OO 为对角线 ACACBDBD 的交点,PPBDBD 的中点。已知 OP=11OP = 11,长度 ADAD 可写成 mnm\sqrt n,其中 mmnn 是正整数,且 nn 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 m+nm + n

Trapezoid ABCDABCD has ABCD,AB \parallel CD, BC=CD=43,BC = CD = 43, and ADBD.AD \perp BD. Let OO be the intersection of the diagonals ACAC and BD,BD, and let PP be the midpoint of BD.BD. Given that OP=11,OP = 11, the length ADAD can be written in the form mn,m\sqrt n, where mm and nn are positive integers and nn is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is m+n?m + n?

6565

132132

157157

194194

215215

答案:D
知识点:坐标几何梯形相似
难度评级:2080
解答:

D=(0,0)D = (0,0)B=(b,0)B = (b, 0) 在一条轴上,A=(0,a)A = (0, a) 在另一条轴上,使 ADBDAD \perp BD。因为 CDABCD \parallel AB,可写成 C=t(b,a)C = t(b, -a),其中 tt 为某个实数。于是 CD=ta2+b2CD = t\sqrt{a^2+b^2},且 BC2=b2(1t)2+t2a2BC^2 = b^2(1-t)^2 + t^2a^2。由 BC=CDBC = CDt2=(1t)2t^2 = (1-t)^2,所以 t=12t = \tfrac12

因此 C=(b2,a2)C = \left(\tfrac{b}{2}, -\tfrac{a}{2}\right), 且 CD=43CD = 43 给出 a2+b2=4432=7396a^2 + b^2 = 4\cdot 43^2 = 7396。 对角线 ACACBDBDxx-轴)交于 O=(b3,0)O = \left(\tfrac{b}{3}, 0\right), 而 P=(b2,0)P = \left(\tfrac{b}{2}, 0\right)。 因此 OP=b6=11OP = \tfrac{b}{6} = 11, 所以 b=66b = 66

那么 a2=7396662=3040a^2 = 7396 - 66^2 = 3040, 所以 AD=a=3040=4190AD = a = \sqrt{3040} = 4\sqrt{190}。 取 m=4m = 4n=190n = 190, 得 m+n=194m + n = 194

因此,正确答案是 D

Place D=(0,0)D = (0,0) with B=(b,0)B = (b, 0) on one axis and A=(0,a)A = (0, a) on the other, so that ADBD.AD \perp BD. Since CDAB,CD \parallel AB, write C=t(b,a)C = t(b, -a) for some t.t. Then CD=ta2+b2CD = t\sqrt{a^2+b^2} and BC2=b2(1t)2+t2a2.BC^2 = b^2(1-t)^2 + t^2a^2. Setting BC=CDBC = CD gives t2=(1t)2,t^2 = (1-t)^2, so t=12.t = \tfrac12.

Thus C=(b2,a2),C = \left(\tfrac{b}{2}, -\tfrac{a}{2}\right), and CD=43CD = 43 gives a2+b2=4432=7396.a^2 + b^2 = 4\cdot 43^2 = 7396. The diagonal ACAC meets BDBD (the xx-axis) at O=(b3,0),O = \left(\tfrac{b}{3}, 0\right), while P=(b2,0).P = \left(\tfrac{b}{2}, 0\right). Hence OP=b6=11,OP = \tfrac{b}{6} = 11, so b=66.b = 66.

Then a2=7396662=3040,a^2 = 7396 - 66^2 = 3040, so AD=a=3040=4190.AD = a = \sqrt{3040} = 4\sqrt{190}. With m=4m = 4 and n=190,n = 190, we get m+n=194.m + n = 194.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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