2016 AMC 12A 第 17 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

17.

ABCDABCD 是正方形。令 EEFFGGHH 分别为以 AB\overline{AB}BC\overline{BC}CD\overline{CD}DA\overline{DA} 为底、且在正方形外侧的等边三角形的中心。 正方形 EFGHEFGH 的面积与正方形 ABCDABCD 的面积之比是多少?

Let ABCDABCD be a square. Let E,E, F,F, G,G, and HH be the centers, respectively, of equilateral triangles with bases AB,\overline{AB}, BC,\overline{BC}, CD,\overline{CD}, and DA,\overline{DA}, each exterior to the square. What is the ratio of the area of square EFGHEFGH to the area of square ABCD?ABCD?

11

2+33\dfrac{2+\sqrt{3}}{3}

2\sqrt{2}

2+32\dfrac{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}{2}

3\sqrt{3}

答案:B
知识点:等边三角形重心面积比
难度评级:1800
解答:

设正方形 ABCDABCD 的边长为 66 每个等边三角形的高为 333\sqrt3 其中心到正方形相应边的距离为高的 13\frac13,即 3\sqrt3

正方形 ABCDABCD 的对角线长为 626\sqrt2 正方形 EFGHEFGH 的对角线等于 ABCDABCD 的边长加上两段长为 3\sqrt3 的距离,即 6+236+2\sqrt3 面积比等于对角线长度之比的平方: (6+2362)2=(3+332)2=12+6318=2+33. \begin{gathered} \left(\dfrac{6+2\sqrt3}{6\sqrt2}\right)^2\\ =\left(\dfrac{3+\sqrt3}{3\sqrt2}\right)^2\\ =\dfrac{12+6\sqrt3}{18}\\ =\dfrac{2+\sqrt3}{3}. \end{gathered}

所以正确答案是 B

Let square ABCDABCD have side length 6.6. Each equilateral triangle has height 33,3\sqrt3, and its center lies 13\frac13 of that height, namely 3,\sqrt3, from the square's side.

Square ABCDABCD has diagonal 62.6\sqrt2. Square EFGHEFGH has diagonal equal to the side of ABCDABCD plus twice 3,\sqrt3, namely 6+23.6+2\sqrt3. The area ratio is the square of the ratio of diagonals: (6+2362)2=(3+332)2=12+6318=2+33. \begin{gathered} \left(\dfrac{6+2\sqrt3}{6\sqrt2}\right)^2\\ =\left(\dfrac{3+\sqrt3}{3\sqrt2}\right)^2\\ =\dfrac{12+6\sqrt3}{18}\\ =\dfrac{2+\sqrt3}{3}. \end{gathered}

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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