2014 AMC 12A 第 17 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

17.

一个 4×4×h4\times4\times h 的长方体盒子内装有一个半径为 22 的球和八个半径为 11 的小球。 每个小球都与盒子的三个面相切,大球与每个小球相切。hh 是多少?

A 4×4×h4\times4\times h rectangular box contains a sphere of radius 22 and eight smaller spheres of radius 1.1. The smaller spheres are each tangent to three sides of the box, and the larger sphere is tangent to each of the smaller spheres. What is h?h?

2+272+2\sqrt7

3+253+2\sqrt5

4+274+2\sqrt7

454\sqrt5

474\sqrt7

答案:A
知识点:立体几何勾股定理
难度评级:1800
解答:

把盒子的一个角放在原点。每个小球位于一个角落,其球心到相邻三个面各相距 11。上方四个小球的球心构成边长为 22 的正方形,正方形中心在盒子的中轴线上,一个顶点到中心的距离为 2\sqrt2

大球球心在中轴线上,到每个上方小球球心的距离为 2+1=32+1=3,因此两者的竖直距离为 3222=7\sqrt{3^2-\sqrt2^2}=\sqrt7

大球球心的高度是 h2\dfrac h2,上方小球球心的高度是 h1h-1,所以 (h1)h2=7(h-1)-\dfrac h2=\sqrt7。由此 h2=1+7\dfrac h2=1+\sqrt7,并得到 h=2+27h=2+2\sqrt7

所以正确答案是 A

Place the box with a corner at the origin. Each small sphere sits in a corner with center 11 unit from three faces. The four top small-sphere centers form a square of side 2,2, whose center lies on the box axis; a corner of that square is 2\sqrt2 from the center.

The big sphere's center is on the axis, at distance 2+1=32+1=3 from each top small center. The vertical gap between them is 3222=7.\sqrt{3^2-\sqrt2^2}=\sqrt7.

The big center is at height h2\dfrac h2 and the top small centers at height h1,h-1, so (h1)h2=7,(h-1)-\dfrac h2=\sqrt7, giving h2=1+7\dfrac h2=1+\sqrt7 and h=2+27.h=2+2\sqrt7.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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