2001 AMC 12 第 17 题

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17.

从顶点为 A=(0,2)A = (0, 2)B=(4,0)B = (4, 0)C=(2π+1,0)C = (2\pi + 1, 0)D=(2π+1,4)D = (2\pi + 1, 4)E=(0,4)E = (0, 4) 的五边形内部随机选取一点 PPAPB\angle APB 为钝角的概率是多少?

A point PP is selected at random from the interior of the pentagon with vertices A=(0,2),A = (0, 2), B=(4,0),B = (4, 0), C=(2π+1,0),C = (2\pi + 1, 0), D=(2π+1,4),D = (2\pi + 1, 4), and E=(0,4).E = (0, 4). What is the probability that APB\angle APB is obtuse?

15\dfrac{1}{5}

14\dfrac{1}{4}

516\dfrac{5}{16}

38\dfrac{3}{8}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

答案:C
知识点:几何概率圆周角面积
难度评级:1790
解答:

PP 在以 ABAB 为直径的圆上时,APB=90\angle APB = 90^\circ。该圆的圆心为 (2,1)(2, 1),半径为 AB2=202=5\dfrac{|AB|}{2} = \dfrac{\sqrt{20}}{2} = \sqrt{5}。当 PP 在这个圆内时,该角为钝角。

相关的半圆完全在五边形内,面积为 12π(5)2=5π2\dfrac{1}{2}\pi(\sqrt{5})^2 = \dfrac{5\pi}{2}

该五边形等于顶点为 (0,0)(0,0)CCDDEE 的矩形减去三角形 OABOAB, 所以面积为 4(2π+1)12(2)(4)=8π. 4(2\pi + 1) - \dfrac{1}{2}(2)(4) = 8\pi.

概率为 5π/28π=516\dfrac{5\pi/2}{8\pi} = \dfrac{5}{16}

因此,正确答案是 C

APB=90\angle APB = 90^\circ when PP is on the circle with diameter AB,AB, centered at (2,1)(2, 1) with radius AB2=202=5.\dfrac{|AB|}{2} = \dfrac{\sqrt{20}}{2} = \sqrt{5}. The angle is obtuse when PP is inside this circle.

The relevant half-disk lies wholly within the pentagon, with area 12π(5)2=5π2.\dfrac{1}{2}\pi(\sqrt{5})^2 = \dfrac{5\pi}{2}.

The pentagon is the rectangle with corners (0,0),(0,0), C,C, D,D, EE minus triangle OAB,OAB, so its area is 4(2π+1)12(2)(4)=8π. 4(2\pi + 1) - \dfrac{1}{2}(2)(4) = 8\pi.

The probability is 5π/28π=516.\dfrac{5\pi/2}{8\pi} = \dfrac{5}{16}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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