2001 AMC 12 真题

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1.

两个数的和是 SS。给每个数都加上 33,再将所得的两个数分别翻倍。最后这两个数的和是多少?

The sum of two numbers is S.S. Suppose 33 is added to each number and then each of the resulting numbers is doubled. What is the sum of the final two numbers?

2S+32S + 3

3S+23S + 2

3S+63S + 6

2S+62S + 6

2S+122S + 12

答案:E
知识点:代数变形分配律
难度评级:950
小提示:

给两个数各加 33 会使它们的和增加 66

Adding 33 to each of the two numbers increases their sum by 66

大提示:

把每个数翻倍,也会使总和翻倍

Doubling each number doubles the sum

解答:

给每个数加 33 后,总和从 SS 变为 S+6S + 6。再把每个数翻倍,总和也翻倍,得到 2(S+6)=2S+12 2(S + 6) = 2S + 12\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 E

Adding 33 to each number raises the sum from SS to S+6.S + 6. Doubling each number doubles the sum, giving 2(S+6)=2S+12. 2(S + 6) = 2S + 12.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

2.

P(n)P(n)S(n)S(n) 分别表示整数 nn 的各位数字之积和各位数字之和。例如,P(23)=6P(23) = 6S(23)=5S(23) = 5。假设 NN 是一个两位数,并且 N=P(N)+S(N)N = P(N) + S(N)NN 的个位数字是多少?

Let P(n)P(n) and S(n)S(n) denote the product and the sum, respectively, of the digits of the integer n.n. For example, P(23)=6P(23) = 6 and S(23)=5.S(23) = 5. Suppose NN is a two-digit number such that N=P(N)+S(N).N = P(N) + S(N). What is the units digit of N?N?

22

33

66

88

99

答案:E
知识点:数字位值
难度评级:1080
小提示:

N=10a+bN = 10a + b,其中 aa 是十位数字,bb 是个位数字

Write N=10a+bN = 10a + b where aa is the tens digit and bb is the units digit

大提示:

方程 10a+b=ab+a+b10a + b = ab + a + b 可化简为 9a=ab9a = ab

The equation 10a+b=ab+a+b10a + b = ab + a + b simplifies to 9a=ab9a = ab

解答:

N=10a+bN = 10a + b,则 P(N)=abP(N) = ab,且 S(N)=a+bS(N) = a + b,所以 10a+b=ab+a+b 10a + b = ab + a + b\text{。} 化简得 9a=ab9a = ab。因为 a0a \neq 0,可除以 aa,得到 b=9b = 9

NN 的个位数字是 99

因此,正确答案是 E

Write N=10a+b.N = 10a + b. Then P(N)=abP(N) = ab and S(N)=a+b,S(N) = a + b, so 10a+b=ab+a+b. 10a + b = ab + a + b. This reduces to 9a=ab.9a = ab. Since a0,a \neq 0, we can divide by aa to get b=9.b = 9.

The units digit of NN is 9.9.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

3.

Kristin 所住的州规定,年收入中前 $28000\$28000 的所得税率为 p%p\%,超过 $28000\$28000 的部分税率为 (p+2)%(p + 2)\%。Kristin 发现,她缴纳的州所得税相当于年收入的 (p+0.25)%(p + 0.25)\%。她的年收入是多少?

The state income tax where Kristin lives is levied at the rate of p%p\% of the first $28000\$28000 of annual income plus (p+2)%(p + 2)\% of any amount above $28000.\$28000. Kristin noticed that the state income tax she paid amounted to (p+0.25)%(p + 0.25)\% of her annual income. What was her annual income?

$28000\$28000

$32000\$32000

$35000\$35000

$42000\$42000

$56000\$56000

答案:B
难度评级:1240
小提示:

设她的收入为 xx 美元,其中 x>28000x \gt 28000,并用两种方式表示税额

Let her income be xx dollars with x>28000,x \gt 28000, and write the tax two different ways

大提示:

列式 p28000p \cdot 28000 +(p+2)(x28000)+ (p + 2)(x - 28000) =(p+0.25)x= (p + 0.25)x;其中含 pp 的项会抵消

Set p28000p \cdot 28000 +(p+2)(x28000)+ (p + 2)(x - 28000) =(p+0.25)x= (p + 0.25)x; the pp terms cancel

解答:

设她的收入为 x>28000x \gt 28000 美元。用两种描述写出税额,并同乘以 100100p28000+(p+2)(x28000)=(p+0.25)x \begin{aligned} &p \cdot 28000 \\ &\quad {}+ (p + 2)(x - 28000) \\ &= (p + 0.25)x\text{。} \end{aligned}

展开后,所有含 pp 的项都抵消,剩下 2x56000=0.25x 2x - 56000 = 0.25x\text{,} 所以 1.75x=560001.75x = 56000,且 x=32000x = 32000

因此,正确答案是 B

Let her income be x>28000x \gt 28000 dollars. Writing the tax with both descriptions and multiplying by 100,100, p28000+(p+2)(x28000)=(p+0.25)x. \begin{aligned} &p \cdot 28000 \\ &\quad {}+ (p + 2)(x - 28000) \\ &= (p + 0.25)x. \end{aligned}

Expanding, every term containing pp cancels, leaving 2x56000=0.25x, 2x - 56000 = 0.25x, so 1.75x=560001.75x = 56000 and x=32000.x = 32000.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

4.

三个数的平均数比其中最小的数大 1010,并且比其中最大的数小 1515。这三个数的中位数是 55。它们的和是多少?

The mean of three numbers is 1010 more than the least of the numbers and 1515 less than the greatest. The median of the three numbers is 5.5. What is their sum?

55

2020

2525

3030

3636

答案:D
难度评级:1150
小提示:

设平均数为 mm,最小的数是 m10m - 10,最大的数是 m+15m + 15

Let mm be the mean; the least number is m10m - 10 and the greatest is m+15m + 15

大提示:

中位数就是中间的数 55,所以 (m10)+5+(m+15)=3m(m - 10) + 5 + (m + 15) = 3m

The median is the middle number 5,5, so (m10)+5+(m+15)=3m(m - 10) + 5 + (m + 15) = 3m

解答:

设平均数为 mm。最小的数是 m10m - 10,最大的数是 m+15m + 15,中间的数是中位数 55。它们的和是 3m3m,因此 (m10)+5+(m+15)=3m (m - 10) + 5 + (m + 15) = 3m\text{。}

由此得 m=10m = 10,所以三个数的和是 3m=303m = 30

因此,正确答案是 D

Let mm be the mean. The least number is m10,m - 10, the greatest is m+15,m + 15, and the middle number is the median 5.5. Their sum is 3m,3m, so (m10)+5+(m+15)=3m. (m - 10) + 5 + (m + 15) = 3m.

This gives m=10,m = 10, so the sum of the three numbers is 3m=30.3m = 30.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

5.

所有小于 10,00010{,}000 的正奇整数的乘积是多少?

What is the product of all positive odd integers less than 10,000?10{,}000?

10000!(5000!)2\dfrac{10000!}{(5000!)^2}

10000!25000\dfrac{10000!}{2^{5000}}

9999!25000\dfrac{9999!}{2^{5000}}

10000!250005000!\dfrac{10000!}{2^{5000} \cdot 5000!}

5000!25000\dfrac{5000!}{2^{5000}}

答案:D
知识点:阶乘代数变形
难度评级:1370
小提示:

所有奇数的乘积等于 10000!10000! 除以所有不超过 1000010000 的偶数的乘积

The product of all odd numbers equals 10000!10000! divided by the product of all even numbers up to 1000010000

大提示:

这些偶数为 24100002 \cdot 4 \cdots 10000 =25000(125000)= 2^{5000}(1 \cdot 2 \cdots 5000)

The even numbers are 24100002 \cdot 4 \cdots 10000 =25000(125000)= 2^{5000}(1 \cdot 2 \cdots 5000)

解答:

111000010000 的所有整数的乘积是 10000!10000!,所以所有奇数的乘积等于 10000!10000! 除以所有偶数的乘积。

偶数的乘积可分解为 2410000=25000(125000)=250005000! \begin{gathered} 2 \cdot 4 \cdots 10000 \\ = 2^{5000}(1 \cdot 2 \cdots 5000) \\ = 2^{5000} \cdot 5000! \end{gathered}\text{。}

因此奇整数的乘积是 10000!250005000! \dfrac{10000!}{2^{5000} \cdot 5000!}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

The product of every integer from 11 to 1000010000 is 10000!,10000!, so the product of the odd ones is 10000!10000! divided by the product of the even ones.

The even numbers factor as 2410000=25000(125000)=250005000!. \begin{gathered} 2 \cdot 4 \cdots 10000 \\ = 2^{5000}(1 \cdot 2 \cdots 5000) \\ = 2^{5000} \cdot 5000!. \end{gathered}

Therefore the product of the odd integers is 10000!250005000!. \dfrac{10000!}{2^{5000} \cdot 5000!}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

6.

一个电话号码的形式为 ABCDEFGHIJABC - DEF - GHIJ,其中每个字母代表一个不同的数字。号码每一段中的数字都按递减顺序排列;也就是说,A>B>CA \gt B \gt CD>E>FD \gt E \gt F,且 G>H>I>JG \gt H \gt I \gt J。此外,DDEE,和 FF 是连续的偶数字;GGHHII,和 JJ 是连续的奇数字;并且 A+B+C=9A + B + C = 9。求 AA

A telephone number has the form ABCDEFGHIJ,ABC - DEF - GHIJ, where each letter represents a different digit. The digits in each part of the number are in decreasing order; that is, A>B>C,A \gt B \gt C, D>E>F,D \gt E \gt F, and G>H>I>J.G \gt H \gt I \gt J. Furthermore, D,D, E,E, and FF are consecutive even digits; G,G, H,H, I,I, and JJ are consecutive odd digits; and A+B+C=9.A + B + C = 9. Find A.A.

44

55

66

77

88

答案:E
难度评级:1420
小提示:

四个连续递减的奇数字只能是 9753975375317531

Four consecutive decreasing odd digits must be 97539753 or 75317531

大提示:

剩下的那个奇数字在 ABCABC 中,并且它要和两个偶数字相加得到 99,所以它必须是 11

The leftover odd digit sits in ABC,ABC, and with two even digits summing to 99 it must be 11

解答:

四个连续递减的奇数字 GHIJGHIJ 只能是 9753975375317531,因而留给 ABCABC 的奇数字是 1199

因为 A+B+C=9A + B + C = 9ABCABC 的另外两个数字是偶数,那个奇数字必须是 11(若为 99,两个偶数字之和就必须为 00)。所以两个偶数字之和为 88

三个连续递减的偶数字 DEFDEF864864642642420420,留给 ABCABC 的偶数对分别是 {2,0}\{2, 0\}{8,0}\{8, 0\}{8,6}\{8, 6\}。只有 {8,0}\{8, 0\} 的和为 88,所以 ABC=810ABC = 810,且 A=8A = 8

因此,正确答案是 E

The four consecutive decreasing odd digits GHIJGHIJ are either 97539753 or 7531,7531, leaving one odd digit (11 or 99) for ABC.ABC.

Since A+B+C=9A + B + C = 9 and the other two digits of ABCABC are even, the odd digit must be 11 (a 99 would force the two even digits to sum to 00). So the two even digits sum to 8.8.

The three consecutive decreasing even digits DEFDEF are 864,864, 642,642, or 420,420, leaving the even pairs {2,0},\{2, 0\}, {8,0},\{8, 0\}, or {8,6}\{8, 6\} for ABC.ABC. Only {8,0}\{8, 0\} sums to 8,8, so ABC=810ABC = 810 and A=8.A = 8.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

7.

一个慈善机构出售了 140140 张义演票,共收入 $2001\$2001。有些票按全价出售(全价是整数美元),其余按半价出售。全价票一共收入了多少钱?

A charity sells 140140 benefit tickets for a total of $2001.\$2001. Some tickets sell for full price (a whole dollar amount), and the rest sell for half price. How much money is raised by the full-price tickets?

$782\$782

$986\$986

$1158\$1158

$1219\$1219

$1449\$1449

答案:A
难度评级:1370
小提示:

nn 张全价票每张 pp 美元,则总收入是 np+(140n)p2=2001np + (140 - n)\dfrac{p}{2} = 2001

With nn full-price tickets at price p,p, the total is np+(140n)p2=2001np + (140 - n)\dfrac{p}{2} = 2001

大提示:

这变为 p(n+140)p(n + 140) =4002= 4002 =232329= 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 23 \cdot 29,且 n+140n + 140140140280280 之间

This becomes p(n+140)p(n + 140) =4002= 4002 =232329,= 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 23 \cdot 29, and n+140n + 140 lies between 140140 and 280280

解答:

nn 张票以每张 pp 美元的全价出售。则 np+(140n)p2=2001 np + (140 - n)\dfrac{p}{2} = 2001\text{,} 所以 p(n+140)p(n + 140) =4002= 4002 =232329= 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 23 \cdot 29

因为 0n1400 \le n \le 140,我们需要 40024002 的一个因数满足 140n+140280140 \le n + 140 \le 280。唯一这样的因数是 174=2329174 = 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 29,得 n=34n = 34p=23p = 23

全价票收入为 3423=78234 \cdot 23 = 782 美元。

因此,正确答案是 A

Let nn tickets sell at full price pp dollars. Then np+(140n)p2=2001, np + (140 - n)\dfrac{p}{2} = 2001, so p(n+140)p(n + 140) =4002= 4002 =232329.= 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 23 \cdot 29.

Since 0n140,0 \le n \le 140, we need a factor of 40024002 with 140n+140280.140 \le n + 140 \le 280. The only such factor is 174=2329,174 = 2 \cdot 3 \cdot 29, giving n=34n = 34 and p=23.p = 23.

The full-price tickets raise 3423=78234 \cdot 23 = 782 dollars.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

8.

下面哪个圆锥可以由一个半径为 1010、圆心角为 252252^\circ 的扇形,把两条直边对齐后形成?

Which of the cones below can be formed from a 252252^\circ sector of a circle of radius 1010 by aligning the two straight sides?

答案:C
知识点:圆锥圆周长
难度评级:1350
小提示:

扇形的半径会成为圆锥的母线长,所以母线长是 1010

The radius of the sector becomes the slant height of the cone, so the slant height is 1010

大提示:

扇形的弧长会成为底面周长:2523602π(10)\dfrac{252}{360}\cdot 2\pi(10)

The arc length of the sector becomes the base circumference: 2523602π(10)\dfrac{252}{360}\cdot 2\pi(10)

解答:

当扇形卷成圆锥时,它的半径 1010 成为母线长,它的弧成为底面圆。

弧长为 2523602π(10)=71020π=14π \dfrac{252}{360}\cdot 2\pi(10) = \dfrac{7}{10}\cdot 20\pi = 14\pi\text{,} 所以底面周长是 14π14\pi,底面半径是 77

因此该圆锥的底面半径为 77,母线长为 1010,对应选项 C。

因此,正确答案是 C

When the sector is rolled into a cone, its radius 1010 becomes the slant height, and its arc becomes the base circle.

The arc length is 2523602π(10)=71020π=14π, \dfrac{252}{360}\cdot 2\pi(10) = \dfrac{7}{10}\cdot 20\pi = 14\pi, so the base circumference is 14π14\pi and the base radius is 7.7.

The cone therefore has base radius 77 and slant height 10,10, which is choice C.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

9.

ff 是一个函数,对所有正实数 xxyy 都满足 f(xy)=f(x)yf(xy) = \dfrac{f(x)}{y}。若 f(500)=3f(500) = 3,则 f(600)f(600) 的值是多少?

Let ff be a function satisfying f(xy)=f(x)yf(xy) = \dfrac{f(x)}{y} for all positive real numbers xx and y.y. If f(500)=3,f(500) = 3, what is the value of f(600)?f(600)?

11

22

52\dfrac{5}{2}

33

185\dfrac{18}{5}

答案:C
难度评级:1440
小提示:

600600 写成 500500 乘以一个方便的因数

Write 600600 as 500500 times a convenient factor

大提示:

f(600)=f ⁣(50065)=f(500)65f(600) = f\!\left(500 \cdot \dfrac{6}{5}\right) = \dfrac{f(500)}{\frac{6}{5}}

解答:

x=500x = 500,且令 y=65y = \dfrac{6}{5},使得 xy=600xy = 600。则 f(600)=f(500)65=365=52 f(600) = \dfrac{f(500)}{\frac{6}{5}} = \dfrac{3}{\frac{6}{5}} = \dfrac{5}{2}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

Choose x=500x = 500 and y=65y = \dfrac{6}{5} so that xy=600.xy = 600. Then f(600)=f(500)65=365=52. f(600) = \dfrac{f(500)}{\frac{6}{5}} = \dfrac{3}{\frac{6}{5}} = \dfrac{5}{2}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

10.

平面按图所示由全等的正方形和全等的五边形铺成。被五边形覆盖的平面面积百分比最接近

The plane is tiled by congruent squares and congruent pentagons as indicated. The percent of the plane that is enclosed by the pentagons is closest to

5050

5252

5454

5656

5858

答案:D
难度评级:1480
小提示:

图案以 3×33 \times 3 个单位正方形为一组重复

The pattern repeats in blocks of 3×33 \times 3 unit squares

大提示:

每一组中,保持为正方形的四个小方格占总面积的 49\dfrac{4}{9}

In each block, the four squares that stay square make up 49\dfrac{4}{9} of the area

解答:

图案在一个由九个单位正方形组成的 3×33 \times 3 方块中重复。其中九个小方格有四个未被五边形覆盖;剩余面积属于五边形。

所以五边形覆盖的比例为 149=59=55.55% 1 - \dfrac{4}{9} = \dfrac{5}{9} = 55.5\overline{5}\%\text{,} 最接近 5656

因此,正确答案是 D

The pattern repeats over a 3×33 \times 3 block of nine unit squares. Four of these nine squares are not covered by pentagons; the rest of the area belongs to the pentagons.

So the pentagons enclose 149=59=55.55%, 1 - \dfrac{4}{9} = \dfrac{5}{9} = 55.5\overline{5}\%, which is closest to 56.56.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

11.

一个盒子里恰有五枚筹码,三枚红色、两枚白色。随机一次取出一枚且不放回,直到所有红筹码都被取出或所有白筹码都被取出为止。最后一枚被取出的筹码是白色的概率是多少?

A box contains exactly five chips, three red and two white. Chips are randomly removed one at a time without replacement until all the red chips are drawn or all the white chips are drawn. What is the probability that the last chip drawn is white?

310\dfrac{3}{10}

25\dfrac{2}{5}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

35\dfrac{3}{5}

710\dfrac{7}{10}

答案:D
难度评级:1530
小提示:

想象把五枚筹码全部取完,并记录完整顺序

Imagine drawing all five chips and recording the full order

大提示:

抽取过程在第二枚白筹码处结束,恰好等价于完整顺序的最后一枚筹码是红色

The drawing ends on the second white exactly when the very last chip in the full order is red

解答:

想象继续取直到五枚筹码全部取出。实际过程停在白筹码上,恰好说明白筹码先于红筹码用完,也就是完整排列中的最后一枚筹码是红色。

五枚筹码中最后一枚等可能是任意一枚,因此它是红色的概率为 35\dfrac{3}{5}

因此,正确答案是 D

Imagine continuing until all five chips are removed. The process actually stops on a white chip exactly when the whites run out before the reds, i.e. when the last chip in the full ordering is red.

The last of the five chips is equally likely to be any chip, so it is red with probability 35.\dfrac{3}{5}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

12.

不超过 20012001 的正整数中,有多少个是 3344 的倍数,但不是 55 的倍数?

How many positive integers not exceeding 20012001 are multiples of 33 or 44 but not 5?5?

768768

801801

934934

10671067

11671167

答案:B
难度评级:1540
小提示:

先用 20013\lfloor \frac{2001}{3} \rfloor +20014+ \lfloor \frac{2001}{4} \rfloor 200112- \lfloor \frac{2001}{12} \rfloor 计算 3344 的倍数

First count multiples of 33 or 44 using 20013\lfloor \frac{2001}{3} \rfloor +20014+ \lfloor \frac{2001}{4} \rfloor 200112- \lfloor \frac{2001}{12} \rfloor

大提示:

再减去其中也能被 55 整除的数,也就是 15152020 的倍数

Then subtract those also divisible by 5,5, i.e. the multiples of 1515 or 2020

解答:

不超过 200120013344 的倍数共有 667+500166=1001 667 + 500 - 166 = 1001\text{,} 这里用到 20013=667\lfloor \frac{2001}{3} \rfloor = 66720014=500\lfloor \frac{2001}{4} \rfloor = 500 以及 200112=166\lfloor \frac{2001}{12} \rfloor = 166

其中能被 55 整除的是 15152020 的倍数,共有 133+10033=200 133 + 100 - 33 = 200\text{,} 这里用到 200115=133\lfloor \frac{2001}{15} \rfloor = 133200120=100\lfloor \frac{2001}{20} \rfloor = 100 以及 200160=33\lfloor \frac{2001}{60} \rfloor = 33

所求个数为 1001200=8011001 - 200 = 801

因此,正确答案是 B

Multiples of 33 or 44 up to 20012001 number 667+500166=1001, 667 + 500 - 166 = 1001, using 20013=667,\lfloor \frac{2001}{3} \rfloor = 667, 20014=500,\lfloor \frac{2001}{4} \rfloor = 500, and 200112=166.\lfloor \frac{2001}{12} \rfloor = 166.

Among these, the ones divisible by 55 are multiples of 1515 or 2020: 133+10033=200, 133 + 100 - 33 = 200, using 200115=133,\lfloor \frac{2001}{15} \rfloor = 133, 200120=100,\lfloor \frac{2001}{20} \rfloor = 100, and 200160=33.\lfloor \frac{2001}{60} \rfloor = 33.

The count is 1001200=801.1001 - 200 = 801.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

13.

方程为 y=ax2+bx+cy = ax^2 + bx + c、顶点为 (h,k)(h, k) 的抛物线关于直线 y=ky = k 反射后,得到的抛物线方程为 y=dx2+ex+fy = dx^2 + ex + f。以下哪一个等于 a+b+c+d+e+fa + b + c + d + e + f

The parabola with equation y=ax2+bx+cy = ax^2 + bx + c and vertex (h,k)(h, k) is reflected about the line y=k.y = k. This results in the parabola with equation y=dx2+ex+f.y = dx^2 + ex + f. Which of the following equals a+b+c+d+e+f?a + b + c + d + e + f?

2b2b

2c2c

2a+2b2a + 2b

2h2h

2k2k

答案:E
知识点:抛物线变换
难度评级:1600
小提示:

注意 a+b+ca + b + c 是第一条抛物线在 x=1x = 1 处的值,而 d+e+fd + e + f 是第二条抛物线在 x=1x = 1 处的值

Note that a+b+ca + b + c is the first parabola evaluated at x=1,x = 1, and d+e+fd + e + f is the second at x=1x = 1

大提示:

关于 y=ky = k 反射会把每个 xx 对应的高度 yy 变为 2ky2k - y

Reflecting about y=ky = k sends the value yy at each xx to 2ky2k - y

解答:

a+b+ca + b + c 是原抛物线在 x=1x = 1 处的值,d+e+fd + e + f 是反射后抛物线在 x=1x = 1 处的值。

关于 y=ky = k 反射,会把每个高度 yy 替换成 2ky2k - y。因此在 x=1x = 1 处,两条抛物线的高度之和为 (a+b+c)+(d+e+f)=2k (a + b + c) + (d + e + f) = 2k\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 E

The value a+b+ca + b + c is the first parabola at x=1,x = 1, and d+e+fd + e + f is the reflected parabola at x=1.x = 1.

Reflecting the curve about y=ky = k replaces each height yy by 2ky.2k - y. So at x=1x = 1 the two heights sum to (a+b+c)+(d+e+f)=2k. (a + b + c) + (d + e + f) = 2k.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

14.

给定正九边形 A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A9A_1 A_2 A_3 A_4 A_5 A_6 A_7 A_8 A_9,在该多边形所在平面内,有多少个不同的等边三角形至少有两个顶点属于集合 {A1,A2,,A9}\{A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_9\}

Given the nine-sided regular polygon A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A9,A_1 A_2 A_3 A_4 A_5 A_6 A_7 A_8 A_9, how many distinct equilateral triangles in the plane of the polygon have at least two vertices in the set {A1,A2,,A9}?\{A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_9\}?

3030

3636

6363

6666

7272

答案:D
难度评级:1710
小提示:

每一对顶点都恰好可以作为两个等边三角形的一条边

Each pair of vertices is a side of exactly two equilateral triangles

大提示:

这样得到 2(92)2\binom{9}{2} 个计数,但三个全由给定顶点组成的三角形各被数了三次

This counts 2(92)2\binom{9}{2} triangles, but the three all-vertex triangles get counted three times each

解答:

(92)=36\binom{9}{2} = 36 对顶点中的每一对,都可以作为恰好两个等边三角形的一条边,因此按重数计共有 7272 个三角形。

三角形 A1A4A7A_1 A_4 A_7A2A5A8A_2 A_5 A_8,和 A3A6A9A_3 A_6 A_9 的三个顶点都在该集合中,所以每个被数了三次而不是一次,每个多算了 22 次。

不同三角形的个数为 7232=6672 - 3 \cdot 2 = 66

因此,正确答案是 D

Each of the (92)=36\binom{9}{2} = 36 pairs of vertices is a side of exactly two equilateral triangles, giving 7272 triangles counted with multiplicity.

The triangles A1A4A7,A_1 A_4 A_7, A2A5A8,A_2 A_5 A_8, and A3A6A9A_3 A_6 A_9 have all three vertices in the set, so each is counted three times instead of once, an overcount of 22 apiece.

The number of distinct triangles is 7232=66.72 - 3 \cdot 2 = 66.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

15.

一只昆虫生活在边长为 11 的正四面体表面。它想沿四面体表面,从一条棱的中点走到其对棱的中点。这样的最短路程是多少?(注:四面体的两条棱若没有公共端点,则称为对棱。)

An insect lives on the surface of a regular tetrahedron with edges of length 1.1. It wishes to travel on the surface of the tetrahedron from the midpoint of one edge to the midpoint of the opposite edge. What is the length of the shortest such trip? (Note: Two edges of a tetrahedron are opposite if they have no common endpoint.)

123\dfrac{1}{2}\sqrt{3}

11

2\sqrt{2}

32\dfrac{3}{2}

22

答案:B
难度评级:1660
小提示:

把路径经过的两个面展开到同一个平面图形中

Unfold the two faces the path crosses into a single flat figure

大提示:

这两个面形成一个边长为 11 的菱形,而两个中点变成对边的中点

The two faces form a rhombus of side 1,1, and the midpoints become midpoints of opposite sides

解答:

将昆虫经过的两个面展开到平面上。它们形成一个由两个等边三角形组成、边长为 11 的菱形。

这两个对棱中点会变成该菱形两条对边的中点,它们之间的直线距离正好是 11。折回四面体不会改变长度,因此最短路程是 11

因此,正确答案是 B

A shortest path leaves the starting edge through one of its two incident faces and reaches the opposite edge through one of its two incident faces. Any such pair of faces shares an edge. Unfolding that pair gives a rhombus of side 11 made of two equilateral triangles.

The two opposite-edge midpoints become the midpoints of opposite sides of this rhombus, which are exactly 11 unit apart along a straight segment. Folding back preserves the length, so the shortest trip is 1.1.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

16.

一只蜘蛛的八条腿各有一只袜子和一只鞋。若每条腿上必须先穿袜子再穿鞋,那么这只蜘蛛穿上所有袜子和鞋的顺序共有多少种?

A spider has one sock and one shoe for each of its eight legs. In how many different orders can the spider put on its socks and shoes, assuming that, on each leg, the sock must be put on before the shoe?

8!8!

288!2^8\, 8!

(8!)2(8!)^2

16!28\dfrac{16!}{2^8}

16!16!

答案:D
难度评级:1600
小提示:

一共有 1616 件物品,若没有限制则有 16!16! 种排列

There are 1616 items, so 16!16! orderings with no restriction

大提示:

对每条腿来说,在所有排列中袜子先于鞋子的排列恰占一半,八条腿的限制相互独立

On each leg the sock precedes the shoe in exactly half of all orderings, and the eight legs are independent

解答:

1616 件物品(88 只袜子和 88 只鞋)按某个顺序排列:共有 16!16! 种排列。

对每条腿,袜子在鞋子之前出现的排列恰好占所有排列的一半。对八条腿同时施加这个限制,需要除以 282^8 得到 16!28 \dfrac{16!}{2^8}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 D

Think of the 1616 items (88 socks and 88 shoes) arranged in some order: there are 16!16! arrangements.

For each leg, the sock comes before the shoe in exactly half of all arrangements. Imposing this on all eight legs independently divides by 28,2^8, giving 16!28. \dfrac{16!}{2^8}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

17.

从顶点为 A=(0,2)A = (0, 2)B=(4,0)B = (4, 0)C=(2π+1,0)C = (2\pi + 1, 0)D=(2π+1,4)D = (2\pi + 1, 4)E=(0,4)E = (0, 4) 的五边形内部随机选取一点 PPAPB\angle APB 为钝角的概率是多少?

A point PP is selected at random from the interior of the pentagon with vertices A=(0,2),A = (0, 2), B=(4,0),B = (4, 0), C=(2π+1,0),C = (2\pi + 1, 0), D=(2π+1,4),D = (2\pi + 1, 4), and E=(0,4).E = (0, 4). What is the probability that APB\angle APB is obtuse?

15\dfrac{1}{5}

14\dfrac{1}{4}

516\dfrac{5}{16}

38\dfrac{3}{8}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

答案:C
难度评级:1790
小提示:

APB\angle APB 是钝角,恰好当 PP 位于以 ABAB 为直径的圆内

APB\angle APB is obtuse exactly when PP lies inside the circle having ABAB as diameter

大提示:

这个半圆完全位于五边形内,所以比较它的面积与五边形的面积

That semicircle lies entirely inside the pentagon, so compare its area to the pentagon’s area

解答:

PP 在以 ABAB 为直径的圆上时,APB=90\angle APB = 90^\circ。该圆的圆心为 (2,1)(2, 1),半径为 AB2=202=5\dfrac{|AB|}{2} = \dfrac{\sqrt{20}}{2} = \sqrt{5}。当 PP 在这个圆内时,该角为钝角。

相关的半圆完全在五边形内,面积为 12π(5)2=5π2\dfrac{1}{2}\pi(\sqrt{5})^2 = \dfrac{5\pi}{2}

该五边形等于顶点为 (0,0)(0,0)CCDDEE 的矩形减去三角形 OABOAB,所以面积为 4(2π+1)12(2)(4)=8π 4(2\pi + 1) - \dfrac{1}{2}(2)(4) = 8\pi\text{。}

概率为 5π28π=516\dfrac{\frac{5\pi}{2}}{8\pi} = \dfrac{5}{16}

因此,正确答案是 C

APB=90\angle APB = 90^\circ when PP is on the circle with diameter AB,AB, centered at (2,1)(2, 1) with radius AB2=202=5.\dfrac{|AB|}{2} = \dfrac{\sqrt{20}}{2} = \sqrt{5}. The angle is obtuse when PP is inside this circle.

The relevant half-disk lies wholly within the pentagon, with area 12π(5)2=5π2.\dfrac{1}{2}\pi(\sqrt{5})^2 = \dfrac{5\pi}{2}.

The pentagon is the rectangle with corners (0,0),(0,0), C,C, D,D, EE minus triangle OAB,OAB, so its area is 4(2π+1)12(2)(4)=8π. 4(2\pi + 1) - \dfrac{1}{2}(2)(4) = 8\pi.

The probability is 5π28π=516.\dfrac{\frac{5\pi}{2}}{8\pi} = \dfrac{5}{16}.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

18.

一个以 AA 为圆心、半径为 11 的圆和一个以 BB 为圆心、半径为 44 的圆外切。第三个圆与前两个圆相切,并且与它们的一条公共外切线相切,如图所示。第三个圆的半径是

A circle centered at AA with a radius of 11 and a circle centered at BB with a radius of 44 are externally tangent. A third circle is tangent to the first two and to one of their common external tangents as shown. The radius of the third circle is

13\dfrac{1}{3}

25\dfrac{2}{5}

512\dfrac{5}{12}

49\dfrac{4}{9}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

答案:D
难度评级:1820
小提示:

对两个半径为 rrss、都与同一直线相切且彼此相切的圆,它们在该直线上的切点相距 2rs2\sqrt{rs}

For two circles of radii rr and ss both tangent to a line and to each other, their contact points on the line are 2rs2\sqrt{rs} apart

大提示:

小圆的切点把线段分成两段:2x+24x=242\sqrt{x} + 2\sqrt{4x} = 2\sqrt{4}

The contact point of the small circle splits the segment: 2x+24x=242\sqrt{x} + 2\sqrt{4x} = 2\sqrt{4}

解答:

当两个半径为 rrss 的相切圆都贴在同一直线上时,它们在直线上的切点距离为 2rs2\sqrt{rs}

两个大圆的切点相距 214=42\sqrt{1 \cdot 4} = 4。设夹在它们中间的小圆半径为 xx,则它到两边的切点距离相加为 21x+24x=4 2\sqrt{1 \cdot x} + 2\sqrt{4 \cdot x} = 4\text{。}

于是 6x=46\sqrt{x} = 4,所以 x=23\sqrt{x} = \dfrac{2}{3}x=49x = \dfrac{4}{9}

因此,正确答案是 D

When two mutually tangent circles of radii rr and ss both rest on a line, the distance between their points of tangency is 2rs.2\sqrt{rs}.

The big circles’ contact points are 214=42\sqrt{1 \cdot 4} = 4 apart. Placing the small circle of radius xx between them, its two tangent distances add up: 21x+24x=4. 2\sqrt{1 \cdot x} + 2\sqrt{4 \cdot x} = 4.

Then 6x=4,6\sqrt{x} = 4, so x=23\sqrt{x} = \dfrac{2}{3} and x=49.x = \dfrac{4}{9}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

19.

多项式 P(x)=x3+ax2+bx+cP(x) = x^3 + ax^2 + bx + c 具有如下性质:它的零点的平均数、零点的乘积以及各项系数之和都相等。若函数 y=P(x)y = P(x) 的图像的 yy-截距是 22,则 bb 是多少?

The polynomial P(x)=x3+ax2+bx+cP(x) = x^3 + ax^2 + bx + c has the property that the mean of its zeros, the product of its zeros, and the sum of its coefficients are all equal. If the yy-intercept of the graph of y=P(x)y = P(x) is 2,2, what is b?b?

11-11

10-10

9-9

11

55

答案:A
难度评级:1760
小提示:

由韦达定理,零点之和是 a-a,零点之积是 c-c;系数之和是 P(1)P(1)

By Vieta, the sum of the zeros is a-a and the product is c;-c; the sum of coefficients is P(1)P(1)

大提示:

yy-截距给出 c=2c = 2,所以公共值就是零点的乘积

The yy-intercept gives c=2,c = 2, so the common value is the product of the zeros

解答:

yy-截距为 P(0)=c=2P(0) = c = 2。由韦达定理,零点之积为 c=2-c = -2,零点的平均数为 a3-\dfrac{a}{3},系数之和为 P(1)=1+a+b+cP(1) = 1 + a + b + c

这三者都等于 2-2。由 a3=2-\dfrac{a}{3} = -2a=6a = 6

于是 1+a+b+c=21 + a + b + c = -2 变为 1+6+b+2=21 + 6 + b + 2 = -2,所以 b=11b = -11

因此,正确答案是 A

The yy-intercept is P(0)=c=2.P(0) = c = 2. By Vieta’s formulas the product of the zeros is c=2,-c = -2, the mean of the zeros is a3,-\dfrac{a}{3}, and the sum of the coefficients is P(1)=1+a+b+c.P(1) = 1 + a + b + c.

All three are equal to 2.-2. From a3=2-\dfrac{a}{3} = -2 we get a=6.a = 6.

Then 1+a+b+c=21 + a + b + c = -2 becomes 1+6+b+2=2,1 + 6 + b + 2 = -2, so b=11.b = -11.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

20.

A=(3,9)A = (3, 9)B=(1,1)B = (1, 1)C=(5,3)C = (5, 3),和 D=(a,b)D = (a, b) 位于第一象限,并且是四边形 ABCDABCD 的顶点。连接 AB\overline{AB}BC\overline{BC}CD\overline{CD},和 DA\overline{DA} 的中点所形成的四边形是一个正方形。点 DD 的坐标之和是多少?

Points A=(3,9),A = (3, 9), B=(1,1),B = (1, 1), C=(5,3),C = (5, 3), and D=(a,b)D = (a, b) lie in the first quadrant and are the vertices of quadrilateral ABCD.ABCD. The quadrilateral formed by joining the midpoints of AB,\overline{AB}, BC,\overline{BC}, CD,\overline{CD}, and DA\overline{DA} is a square. What is the sum of the coordinates of point D?D?

77

99

1010

1212

1616

答案:C
难度评级:1880
小提示:

MMNN 分别为 AB\overline{AB}BC\overline{BC} 的中点;先求出 MMNN

Let MM and NN be the midpoints of AB\overline{AB} and BC;\overline{BC}; find MM and NN first

大提示:

下一个中点 QQ 满足 MQ=NM\overrightarrow{MQ} = \overrightarrow{NM} 旋转 9090^\circ 后的向量(等长且垂直)

The next midpoint QQ satisfies MQ=NM\overrightarrow{MQ} = \overrightarrow{NM} rotated 9090^\circ (same length, perpendicular)

解答:

AB\overline{AB} 的中点为 M=(2,5)M = (2, 5)BC\overline{BC} 的中点为 N=(3,2)N = (3, 2)

为了使中点四边形成为正方形,相邻边必须垂直且等长。由于 NM=1,3\overrightarrow{NM} = \langle -1, 3 \rangle,通向 DA\overline{DA} 的中点 QQ 的边向量 MQ\overrightarrow{MQ} 必须为 3,1\langle 3, 1 \rangle,所以 Q=(5,6)Q = (5, 6)

因为 QQDA\overline{DA} 的中点,且 A=(3,9)A = (3, 9),得 D=2QA=(7,3)D = 2Q - A = (7, 3)。它的坐标和为 7+3=107 + 3 = 10

因此,正确答案是 C

The midpoints are M=(2,5)M = (2, 5) of AB\overline{AB} and N=(3,2)N = (3, 2) of BC.\overline{BC}.

For the midpoint quadrilateral to be a square, consecutive sides are perpendicular and equal. With NM=1,3,\overrightarrow{NM} = \langle -1, 3 \rangle, the side MQ\overrightarrow{MQ} to the midpoint QQ of DA\overline{DA} must be 3,1,\langle 3, 1 \rangle, so Q=(5,6).Q = (5, 6).

Since QQ is the midpoint of DA\overline{DA} and A=(3,9),A = (3, 9), we get D=2QA=(7,3).D = 2Q - A = (7, 3). The sum of its coordinates is 7+3=10.7 + 3 = 10.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

21.

四个正整数 aabbcc,和 dd 的乘积为 8!8! 并满足

ab+a+b=524ab + a + b = 524\text{,}bc+b+c=146bc + b + c = 146\text{,}cd+c+d=104cd + c + d = 104\text{。}

ada - d 是多少?

Four positive integers a,a, b,b, c,c, and dd have a product of 8!8! and satisfy

ab+a+b=524,ab + a + b = 524,bc+b+c=146,bc + b + c = 146,cd+c+d=104.cd + c + d = 104.

What is ad?a - d?

44

66

88

1010

1212

答案:D
难度评级:1960
小提示:

给每个方程两边都加 11 使左边可分解:(a+1)(b+1)=525(a + 1)(b + 1) = 525,依此类推

Add 11 to each equation so the left side factors: (a+1)(b+1)=525,(a + 1)(b + 1) = 525, and so on

大提示:

525=3527525 = 3 \cdot 5^2 \cdot 7 含有因数 2525(b+1)(c+1)=147(b+1)(c+1) = 147 不含,因此 a+1a + 12525 的倍数

525=3527525 = 3 \cdot 5^2 \cdot 7 has a factor of 2525 but (b+1)(c+1)=147(b+1)(c+1) = 147 does not, so a+1a + 1 is a multiple of 2525

解答:

给每个方程两边加 11,左边就可以分解:(a+1)(b+1)=525=3527,(b+1)(c+1)=147=372,(c+1)(d+1)=105=357 \begin{aligned} (a + 1)(b + 1) &= 525 = 3 \cdot 5^2 \cdot 7, \\ (b + 1)(c + 1) &= 147 = 3 \cdot 7^2, \\ (c + 1)(d + 1) &= 105 = 3 \cdot 5 \cdot 7 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因为 525525 含有因数 2525147147 不能被 55 整除,所以因数 a+1a + 1 必须包含这个 2525。在 525525 的因数中,只有 a+1=25a + 1 = 25 会使 a=24a = 24 整除 8!=403208! = 40320

接着 b+1=21b + 1 = 21c+1=7c + 1 = 7,且 d+1=15d + 1 = 15,所以 b=20b = 20c=6c = 6d=14d = 14。(确实 2420614=40320=8!24 \cdot 20 \cdot 6 \cdot 14 = 40320 = 8!。)

所以 ad=2414=10a - d = 24 - 14 = 10

因此,正确答案是 D

Adding 11 to each equation factors the left sides: (a+1)(b+1)=525=3527,(b+1)(c+1)=147=372,(c+1)(d+1)=105=357. \begin{aligned} (a + 1)(b + 1) &= 525 = 3 \cdot 5^2 \cdot 7, \\ (b + 1)(c + 1) &= 147 = 3 \cdot 7^2, \\ (c + 1)(d + 1) &= 105 = 3 \cdot 5 \cdot 7. \end{aligned}

Since 525525 has a factor of 2525 while 147147 is not divisible by 5,5, the factor a+1a + 1 must carry the 25.25. Among divisors of 525,525, only a+1=25a + 1 = 25 makes a=24a = 24 divide 8!=40320.8! = 40320.

Then b+1=21,b + 1 = 21, c+1=7,c + 1 = 7, and d+1=15,d + 1 = 15, giving b=20,b = 20, c=6,c = 6, d=14.d = 14. (Indeed 2420614=40320=8!.24 \cdot 20 \cdot 6 \cdot 14 = 40320 = 8!.)

So ad=2414=10.a - d = 24 - 14 = 10.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

22.

在矩形 ABCDABCD 中,点 FFGGAB\overline{AB} 上,使得 AF=FG=GBAF = FG = GB,而 EEDC\overline{DC} 的中点。另外,AC\overline{AC}EF\overline{EF} 交于 HH,与 EG\overline{EG} 交于 JJ。矩形 ABCDABCD 的面积为 7070。求三角形 EHJEHJ 的面积。

In rectangle ABCD,ABCD, points FF and GG lie on AB\overline{AB} so that AF=FG=GBAF = FG = GB and EE is the midpoint of DC.\overline{DC}. Also, AC\overline{AC} intersects EF\overline{EF} at HH and EG\overline{EG} at J.J. The area of rectangle ABCDABCD is 70.70. Find the area of triangle EHJ.EHJ.

52\dfrac{5}{2}

3512\dfrac{35}{12}

33

72\dfrac{7}{2}

358\dfrac{35}{8}

答案:C
知识点:相似面积比
难度评级:1870
小提示:

三角形 EFGEFG 的底为 13AB\dfrac{1}{3}AB,高为矩形的全高,所以它的面积是矩形面积的 16\dfrac{1}{6}

Triangle EFGEFG has base 13AB\dfrac{1}{3}AB and the full height, so its area is 16\dfrac{1}{6} of the rectangle

大提示:

利用 ECABEC \parallel AB 和相似三角形,得到 EHEF=35\dfrac{EH}{EF} = \dfrac{3}{5}EJEG=37\dfrac{EJ}{EG} = \dfrac{3}{7}

Use ECABEC \parallel AB to get EHEF=35\dfrac{EH}{EF} = \dfrac{3}{5} and EJEG=37\dfrac{EJ}{EG} = \dfrac{3}{7} from similar triangles

解答:

三角形 EFGEFG 的底边 FG=13ABFG = \dfrac{1}{3}AB,高等于矩形的高,所以它的面积是 16(70)=353\dfrac{1}{6}(70) = \dfrac{35}{3}

因为 ECAFEC \parallel AF,三角形 AFHAFHCEHCEH 相似,比例为 ECAF=32\dfrac{EC}{AF} = \dfrac{3}{2},所以 EHEF=35\dfrac{EH}{EF} = \dfrac{3}{5}。同理 EJEG=37\dfrac{EJ}{EG} = \dfrac{3}{7}

因此 [EHJ][EFG]\dfrac{[EHJ]}{[EFG]} =EHEFEJEG= \dfrac{EH}{EF}\cdot\dfrac{EJ}{EG} =3537= \dfrac{3}{5}\cdot\dfrac{3}{7} =935= \dfrac{9}{35},得 [EHJ]=935353=3 [EHJ] = \dfrac{9}{35}\cdot\dfrac{35}{3} = 3\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

Triangle EFGEFG has base FG=13ABFG = \dfrac{1}{3}AB and height equal to the rectangle’s height, so its area is 16(70)=353.\dfrac{1}{6}(70) = \dfrac{35}{3}.

Because ECAF,EC \parallel AF, triangles AFHAFH and CEHCEH are similar with ratio ECAF=32,\dfrac{EC}{AF} = \dfrac{3}{2}, so EHEF=35.\dfrac{EH}{EF} = \dfrac{3}{5}. Likewise EJEG=37.\dfrac{EJ}{EG} = \dfrac{3}{7}.

Then [EHJ][EFG]\dfrac{[EHJ]}{[EFG]} =EHEFEJEG= \dfrac{EH}{EF}\cdot\dfrac{EJ}{EG} =3537= \dfrac{3}{5}\cdot\dfrac{3}{7} =935,= \dfrac{9}{35}, giving [EHJ]=935353=3. [EHJ] = \dfrac{9}{35}\cdot\dfrac{35}{3} = 3.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

23.

一个首项系数为 11、系数为整数的四次多项式有两个实零点,并且这两个实零点都是整数。以下哪一个也可能是该多项式的一个零点?

A polynomial of degree four with leading coefficient 11 and integer coefficients has two real zeros, both of which are integers. Which of the following can also be a zero of the polynomial?

1+i112\dfrac{1 + i\sqrt{11}}{2}

1+i2\dfrac{1 + i}{2}

12+i\dfrac{1}{2} + i

1+i21 + \dfrac{i}{2}

1+i132\dfrac{1 + i\sqrt{13}}{2}

答案:A
难度评级:2080
小提示:

先把两个整数根对应的因式提出:剩余因式为 x2+αx+βx^2 + \alpha x + \beta,其中 α,β\alpha, \beta 是整数

Factor out the two integer roots: the remaining factor is x2+αx+βx^2 + \alpha x + \beta with α,β\alpha, \beta integers

大提示:

复零点为 α2±i4βα22-\dfrac{\alpha}{2} \pm \dfrac{i\sqrt{4\beta - \alpha^2}}{2};匹配实部并检查 β\beta 是否为整数

The complex zeros are α2±i4βα22;-\dfrac{\alpha}{2} \pm \dfrac{i\sqrt{4\beta - \alpha^2}}{2}; match the real part and check that β\beta is an integer

解答:

写成 P(x)P(x) =(xr)(xs)(x2+αx+β)= (x - r)(x - s)(x^2 + \alpha x + \beta),其中 r,sr, s 是整数根;比较系数可知 α\alphaβ\beta 必须是整数。

另外两个零点为 α2±i4βα22 -\dfrac{\alpha}{2} \pm \dfrac{i\sqrt{4\beta - \alpha^2}}{2}\text{。} 若实部为 12\dfrac{1}{2},则需要 α=1\alpha = -1,从而虚部为 4β12\dfrac{\sqrt{4\beta - 1}}{2}

选项 A 要求 4β1=11\sqrt{4\beta - 1} = \sqrt{11},即 β=3\beta = 3 是整数,所以可行。其他选项都会迫使 β\beta 不是整数(例如选项 E 需要 β=3.5\beta = 3.5,选项 D 需要 α=2\alpha = -2β=54\beta = \tfrac{5}{4})。

因此,正确答案是 A

Writing P(x)P(x) =(xr)(xs)(x2+αx+β)= (x - r)(x - s)(x^2 + \alpha x + \beta) with integer roots r,s,r, s, matching coefficients forces α\alpha and β\beta to be integers.

The other two zeros are α2±i4βα22. -\dfrac{\alpha}{2} \pm \dfrac{i\sqrt{4\beta - \alpha^2}}{2}. A real part of 12\dfrac{1}{2} requires α=1,\alpha = -1, making the imaginary part 4β12.\dfrac{\sqrt{4\beta - 1}}{2}.

Choice A needs 4β1=11,\sqrt{4\beta - 1} = \sqrt{11}, i.e. β=3,\beta = 3, an integer, so it works. The other choices force a non-integer β\beta (for example choice E needs β=3.5,\beta = 3.5, and choice D needs α=2\alpha = -2 with β=54\beta = \tfrac{5}{4}).

Thus, the correct answer is A.

24.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,ABC=45\angle ABC = 45^\circ。点 DDBC\overline{BC} 上,使得 2BD=CD2 \cdot BD = CD,且 DAB=15\angle DAB = 15^\circ。求 ACB\angle ACB

In triangle ABC,ABC, ABC=45.\angle ABC = 45^\circ. Point DD is on BC\overline{BC} so that 2BD=CD2 \cdot BD = CD and DAB=15.\angle DAB = 15^\circ. Find ACB.\angle ACB.

5454^\circ

6060^\circ

7272^\circ

7575^\circ

9090^\circ

答案:D
难度评级:2110
小提示:

外角关系给出 ADC\angle ADC =DAB+ABD= \angle DAB + \angle ABD =15+45= 15^\circ + 45^\circ =60= 60^\circ

The exterior angle gives ADC\angle ADC =DAB+ABD= \angle DAB + \angle ABD =15+45= 15^\circ + 45^\circ =60= 60^\circ

大提示:

CC 向直线 ADAD 作垂线,垂足为 EE;则 CDE\triangle CDE3030-6060-9090 三角形,且 DE=12CD=BDDE = \tfrac{1}{2}CD = BD

Drop a perpendicular from CC to line ADAD at E;E; then CDE\triangle CDE is 3030-6060-9090 with DE=12CD=BDDE = \tfrac{1}{2}CD = BD

解答:

EE 为从 CC 到直线 ADAD 的垂足。由 ADB\triangle ADB 的外角可得 ADC=15+45=60\angle ADC = 15^\circ + 45^\circ = 60^\circ,所以 CDE\triangle CDE 是一个 3030-6060-9090 三角形,且 DE=12CD=BDDE = \tfrac{1}{2}CD = BD

因此 BDE\triangle BDE 是等腰三角形,EBD=BED=30\angle EBD = \angle BED = 30^\circ,又因为 ECB=30\angle ECB = 30^\circ,所以 BEC\triangle BEC 是等腰三角形,BE=ECBE = EC

同时 ABE\angle ABE =4530= 45^\circ - 30^\circ =15= 15^\circ =EAB= \angle EAB,所以 ABE\triangle ABE 是等腰三角形,AE=BEAE = BE。因此 AE=BE=ECAE = BE = EC,使得直角三角形 AECAEC 为等腰直角三角形,ECA=45\angle ECA = 45^\circ

所以 ACB\angle ACB =ECA+ECD= \angle ECA + \angle ECD =45+30= 45^\circ + 30^\circ =75= 75^\circ

因此,正确答案是 D

Let EE be the foot of the perpendicular from CC to line AD.AD. The exterior angle of ADB\triangle ADB gives ADC=15+45=60,\angle ADC = 15^\circ + 45^\circ = 60^\circ, so CDE\triangle CDE is a 3030-6060-9090 triangle with DE=12CD=BD.DE = \tfrac{1}{2}CD = BD.

Then BDE\triangle BDE is isosceles with EBD=BED=30,\angle EBD = \angle BED = 30^\circ, and since ECB=30\angle ECB = 30^\circ too, BEC\triangle BEC is isosceles with BE=EC.BE = EC.

Also ABE\angle ABE =4530= 45^\circ - 30^\circ =15= 15^\circ =EAB,= \angle EAB, so ABE\triangle ABE is isosceles with AE=BE.AE = BE. Hence AE=BE=EC,AE = BE = EC, making right triangle AECAEC isosceles with ECA=45.\angle ECA = 45^\circ.

Therefore ACB\angle ACB =ECA+ECD= \angle ECA + \angle ECD =45+30= 45^\circ + 30^\circ =75.= 75^\circ.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

25.

考虑形如 xx20002000yy\ldots 的正实数数列,其中从第二项开始,每一项都比它相邻两项的乘积少 11。对多少个不同的 xx 值,项 20012001 会出现在数列的某处?

Consider sequences of positive real numbers of the form x,x, 2000,2000, y,y, ,\ldots, in which every term after the first is 11 less than the product of its two immediate neighbors. For how many different values of xx does the term 20012001 appear somewhere in the sequence?

11

22

33

44

多于 44

more than 44

答案:D
知识点:递推分类讨论
难度评级:2390
小提示:

条件 b=ac1b = ac - 1 可整理为 c=1+bac = \dfrac{1 + b}{a},这让你可以向后逐项推进

The condition b=ac1b = ac - 1 rearranges to c=1+ba,c = \dfrac{1 + b}{a}, letting you march forward

大提示:

反复这样做可知数列以 55 为周期,所以 20012001 只能是五个位置之一

Doing this repeatedly shows the sequence is periodic with period 5,5, so 20012001 can only be one of five terms

解答:

a,b,ca, b, c 是连续三项,则 b=ac1b = ac - 1,所以 c=1+bac = \dfrac{1 + b}{a}。反复应用这个关系,前五项依次为 a, b, 1+ba, 1+a+bab, 1+ab a,\ b,\ \dfrac{1 + b}{a},\ \dfrac{1 + a + b}{ab},\ \dfrac{1 + a}{b}\text{,}此后 aabb 又重新出现,因此数列以 55 为周期。

此处 b=2000b = 2000 是第二项。令上面另外四项分别等于 20012001,依次解得 a=2001,a=1,a=20014001999,a=4001999 \begin{gathered} a=2001,\quad a=1,\\ a=\frac{2001}{4001999},\quad a=4001999 \end{gathered}\text{。}这四个值都是正数且互不相同。而第二项本身等于 20002000,再由周期性可知没有其他位置需要考虑。

所以共有 44xx 值。

因此,正确答案是 D

If a,b,ca, b, c are consecutive terms then b=ac1,b = ac - 1, so c=1+ba.c = \dfrac{1 + b}{a}. Applying this repeatedly, the first five terms are a, b, 1+ba, 1+a+bab, 1+ab, a,\ b,\ \dfrac{1 + b}{a},\ \dfrac{1 + a + b}{ab},\ \dfrac{1 + a}{b}, after which aa and bb recur, so the sequence is periodic with period 5.5.

Here b=2000b = 2000 is the second term. Setting each of the other four displayed terms equal to 20012001 gives, respectively, a=2001,a=1,a=20014001999,a=4001999. \begin{gathered} a=2001,\quad a=1,\\ a=\frac{2001}{4001999},\quad a=4001999. \end{gathered} These four values are positive and distinct. The second term itself is 2000,2000, and periodicity shows there are no other positions to consider.

So there are 44 values of x.x.

Thus, the correct answer is D.