2023 AMC 12A 第 20 题

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20.

下方展示了一个整数三角形阵列的第 1,2,3,41,2,3,455 行。

1111311551171171\begin{array}{ccccccccc} &&&&1&&&&\\ &&&1&&1&&&\\ &&1&&3&&1&&\\ &1&&5&&5&&1&\\ 1&&7&&11&&7&&1 \end{array}

第一行之后,每一行都在两端放置 11,每个内部项比上一行中斜上方两个数之和大 11。第 20232023 行的 20232023 个数之和的个位数字是多少?

Rows 1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4, and 55 of a triangular array of integers are shown below.

1111311551171171\begin{array}{ccccccccc} &&&&1&&&&\\ &&&1&&1&&&\\ &&1&&3&&1&&\\ &1&&5&&5&&1&\\ 1&&7&&11&&7&&1 \end{array}

Each row after the first row is formed by placing a 11 at each end of the row, and each interior entry is 11 greater than the sum of the two numbers diagonally above it in the previous row. What is the units digit of the sum of the 20232023 numbers in the 20232023rd row?

11

33

55

77

99

答案:C
知识点:递推个位数字
难度评级:2110
解答:

SnS_n 为第 nn 行的和。每个内部项比上一行斜上方两个项之和大 11,对整行求和得到递推 Sn=2Sn1+(n2). S_n=2S_{n-1}+(n-2).

S1=1S_1=1,可解得 Sn=2nnS_n=2^n-n(检验:S5=325=27S_5=32-5=27 =1+7+11+7+1=1+7+11+7+1)。

所以 S2023=220232023S_{2023}=2^{2023}-202322 的幂的个位数字按 2,4,8,62,4,8,6 循环,且 20233(mod4)2023\equiv 3\pmod 4,所以 220232^{2023} 的个位是 88。于是 83=58-3=5 个位数字为 55

所以正确答案是 C

Let SnS_n be the sum of row n.n. Each interior entry is 11 more than the sum of the two entries above it, and summing over the row gives the recurrence Sn=2Sn1+(n2). S_n=2S_{n-1}+(n-2).

With S1=1,S_1=1, this solves to Sn=2nnS_n=2^n-n (check: S5=325=27S_5=32-5=27 =1+7+11+7+1=1+7+11+7+1).

So S2023=220232023.S_{2023}=2^{2023}-2023. Since powers of 22 cycle with units digits 2,4,8,62,4,8,6 and 20233(mod4),2023\equiv 3\pmod 4, 220232^{2023} ends in 8.8. Then 83=58-3=5 gives units digit 5.5.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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