LIVE by Po-Shen Loh标识

LIVE

中文

2021 AMC 12B Spring Problem 20

Below is the professionally curated solution for Problem 20 of the 2021 AMC 12B Spring, from LIVE by Po-Shen Loh. You can also try the full timed exam, view all 2021 AMC 12B Spring solutions, or check the answer key.

All of the real AMC 8, AMC 10, AMC 12, and AIME problems in our complete solution collection are used with official legal permission of the Mathematical Association of America (MAA).

Concepts:polynomialroots of unitymodular arithmetic

Difficulty rating: 1990

20.

Let Q(z)Q(z) and R(z)R(z) be the unique polynomials such that z2021+1=(z2+z+1)Q(z)+R(z)z^{2021}+1=(z^2+z+1)Q(z)+R(z) and the degree of RR is less than 2.2. What is R(z)?R(z)?

−z-z

−1-1

20212021

z+1z+1

2z+12z+1

Solution:

Since z3≡1(modz2+z+1)z^3\equiv 1\pmod{z^2+z+1} and 2021=3⋅673+2,2021=3\cdot 673+2, we have z2021≡z2.z^{2021}\equiv z^2.

So z2021+1≡z2+1.z^{2021}+1\equiv z^2+1. Reducing further with z2≡−z−1,z^2\equiv -z-1, this is −z−1+1=−z.-z-1+1=-z.

Therefore R(z)=−z.R(z)=-z.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

← Problem 19Full ExamProblem 21 →

Problem 20 in Other Years

1999 AMC 12 · 2000 AMC 12 · 2001 AMC 12 · 2002 AMC 12A · 2002 AMC 12B · 2003 AMC 12A · 2003 AMC 12B · 2004 AMC 12A · 2004 AMC 12B · 2005 AMC 12A · 2005 AMC 12B · 2006 AMC 12A · 2006 AMC 12B · 2007 AMC 12A · 2007 AMC 12B · 2008 AMC 12A · 2008 AMC 12B · 2009 AMC 12A · 2009 AMC 12B · 2010 AMC 12A · 2010 AMC 12B · 2011 AMC 12A · 2011 AMC 12B · 2012 AMC 12A · 2012 AMC 12B · 2013 AMC 12A · 2013 AMC 12B · 2014 AMC 12A · 2014 AMC 12B · 2015 AMC 12A · 2015 AMC 12B · 2016 AMC 12A · 2016 AMC 12B · 2017 AMC 12A · 2017 AMC 12B · 2018 AMC 12A · 2018 AMC 12B · 2019 AMC 12A · 2019 AMC 12B · 2020 AMC 12A · 2020 AMC 12B · 2021 AMC 12A Spring · 2021 AMC 12A Fall · 2021 AMC 12B Fall · 2022 AMC 12A · 2022 AMC 12B · 2023 AMC 12A · 2023 AMC 12B · 2024 AMC 12A · 2024 AMC 12B · 2025 AMC 12A · 2025 AMC 12B