2021 AMC 12A Fall 第 20 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

20.

对每个正整数 nn,令 f1(n)f_1(n)nn 的正整数因数个数的两倍;对 j2j \ge 2, 令 fj(n)=f1(fj1(n))f_j(n) = f_1(f_{j-1}(n))。有多少个 n50n \le 50 满足 f50(n)=12f_{50}(n) = 12

For each positive integer n,n, let f1(n)f_1(n) be twice the number of positive integer divisors of n,n, and for j2,j \ge 2, let fj(n)=f1(fj1(n)).f_j(n) = f_1(f_{j-1}(n)). For how many values of n50n \le 50 is f50(n)=12?f_{50}(n) = 12?

77

88

99

1010

1111

答案:D
知识点:因数个数递推
难度评级:2110
解答:

881212 都是不动点。对 n50,n\le50,第一个值 f1(n)=2d(n)f_1(n)=2d(n) 至多为 20.20. 检查不超过 2020 的偶数可知,一个轨道恰好在第一个值为 12,18,12,18,20.20. 时到达 1212。所以需要 d(n)=6,9,d(n)=6,9,10.10.

不超过 5050 且有 66 个因数的数是 12,18,20,28,32,44,45,50;12,18,20,28,32,44,45,50;99 个因数的唯一一个数是 36,36,1010 个因数的唯一一个数是 48.48.1010 个值都到达不动点 12.12.

因此,正确答案是 D

Both 88 and 1212 are fixed. For n50,n\le50, the first value f1(n)=2d(n)f_1(n)=2d(n) is at most 20.20. Checking the even values through 2020 shows that an orbit reaches 1212 exactly when its first value is 12,18,12,18, or 20.20. Thus we need d(n)=6,9,d(n)=6,9, or 10.10.

The numbers at most 5050 with 66 divisors are 12,18,20,28,32,44,45,50;12,18,20,28,32,44,45,50; the only one with 99 divisors is 36,36, and the only one with 1010 divisors is 48.48. These 1010 values all reach the fixed point 12.12.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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