2015 AMC 12A 第 20 题

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20.

等腰三角形 TTTT' 不全等,但面积和周长都相同。TT 的三边长为 555588,而 TT' 的三边长为 aaaabb。下列哪个数最接近 bb

Isosceles triangles TT and TT' are not congruent but have the same area and the same perimeter. The sides of TT have lengths 5,5, 5,5, and 8,8, while those of TT' have lengths a,a, a,a, and b.b. Which of the following numbers is closest to b?b?

33

44

55

66

88

答案:A
知识点:等腰三角形方程组多项式
难度评级:2110
解答:

TT 到底边 88 的高为 5242=3\sqrt{5^2 - 4^2} = 3, 所以 TT 的面积为 1283=12\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot 8\cdot 3 = 12,周长为 1818

TT',需要 2a+b=182a + b = 18,且面积 14b4a2b2=12\dfrac{1}{4}b\sqrt{4a^2 - b^2} = 12。 代入 a=18b2a = \dfrac{18 - b}{2} 并平方,可得 (b8)(b2b8)=0.(b - 8)(b^2 - b - 8) = 0.

因为 TTTT' 不全等,b8b \ne 8,所以 b2b8=0b^2 - b - 8 = 0,且 b=1+332b = \dfrac{1 + \sqrt{33}}{2}。因为 25<33<3625 \lt 33 \lt 36,这个数介于 333.53.5 之间,所以最接近的整数是 33

因此,正确答案是 A

The altitude of TT to its base of length 88 is 5242=3,\sqrt{5^2 - 4^2} = 3, so TT has area 1283=12\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot 8\cdot 3 = 12 and perimeter 18.18.

For TT' we need 2a+b=182a + b = 18 and area 14b4a2b2=12.\dfrac{1}{4}b\sqrt{4a^2 - b^2} = 12. Substituting a=18b2a = \dfrac{18 - b}{2} and squaring leads to (b8)(b2b8)=0.(b - 8)(b^2 - b - 8) = 0.

Since TT and TT' are not congruent, b8,b \ne 8, so b2b8=0b^2 - b - 8 = 0 and b=1+332.b = \dfrac{1 + \sqrt{33}}{2}. Because 25<33<36,25 \lt 33 \lt 36, this is between 33 and 3.5,3.5, so the closest integer is 3.3.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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