2005 AMC 12B 第 20 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

20.

a,b,c,d,e,f,ga, b, c, d, e, f, ghh 是集合 中互不相同的元素。求 的最小可能值。 {7,5,3,2,2,4,6,13}. \{-7, -5, -3, -2, 2, 4, 6, 13\}. (a+b+c+d)2+(e+f+g+h)2? \begin{aligned} &(a + b + c + d)^2 \\ &\quad {}+ (e + f + g + h)^2? \end{aligned}

Let a,b,c,d,e,f,ga, b, c, d, e, f, g and hh be distinct elements in the set {7,5,3,2,2,4,6,13}. \{-7, -5, -3, -2, 2, 4, 6, 13\}. What is the minimum possible value of (a+b+c+d)2+(e+f+g+h)2? \begin{aligned} &(a + b + c + d)^2 \\ &\quad {}+ (e + f + g + h)^2? \end{aligned}

3030

3232

3434

4040

5050

答案:C
知识点:最优化配方法
难度评级:1910
解答:

所有元素的和为 8.8.a+b+c+d=x,a + b + c + d = x,e+f+g+h=8x,e + f + g + h = 8 - x,所以 x2+(8x)2=2(x4)2+32. x^2 + (8 - x)^2 = 2(x - 4)^2 + 32.

该式在 x=4,x = 4, 时取得最小值 32.32. 但是 1313 必须在某一组中,而其余元素中没有三个数能与 1313 相加得到 44(这要求三个数之和为 9-9)。若包含 7,-7,另两个数需要和为 2,-2,但没有可用数对满足;若不包含 7,-7,532=10-5-3-2=-10 中任一项替换都会使和超过 9.-9. 所以 x=4x = 4 无法达到,且 (x4)21.(x - 4)^2 \ge 1.

最小值为 2(1)+32=34,2(1) + 32 = 34,例如分组 {7,5,2,13}\{-7, -5, 2, 13\}(和为 33)与 {3,2,4,6}\{-3, -2, 4, 6\}(和为 55)可以达到。

所以正确答案是 C

The elements sum to 8.8. If a+b+c+d=x,a + b + c + d = x, then e+f+g+h=8x,e + f + g + h = 8 - x, so x2+(8x)2=2(x4)2+32. x^2 + (8 - x)^2 = 2(x - 4)^2 + 32.

This is minimized when x=4,x = 4, giving 32.32. But 1313 must lie in one group, and no three of the remaining elements add with 1313 to make 44 (that would need three of them to sum to 9-9). With 7,-7, the other two would need to sum to 2,-2, which no available pair does; without 7,-7, replacing any term in 532=10-5-3-2=-10 raises the sum past 9.-9. So x=4x = 4 is unattainable and (x4)21.(x - 4)^2 \ge 1.

The minimum is 2(1)+32=34,2(1) + 32 = 34, achieved for instance by {7,5,2,13}\{-7, -5, 2, 13\} (sum 33) and {3,2,4,6}\{-3, -2, 4, 6\} (sum 55).

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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