2005 AMC 12B 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
一个童子军小队以每五条 的价格买入 条糖果棒。他们再以每两条 的价格全部卖出。他们的利润是多少美元?
A scout troop buys candy bars at a price of five for They sell all the candy bars at a price of two for What was their profit, in dollars?
小提示:
分别求总成本和总收入。
Find the total cost and the total revenue separately
大提示:
买入时有 组五条,卖出时有 对。
There are groups of five bought and pairs sold
解答:
小队买入 组五条装糖果棒,成本为 美元。
他们卖出 对糖果棒,收入为 美元。
利润为 美元。
所以正确答案是 A。
The troop buys groups of five bars, costing dollars.
They sell pairs of bars, earning dollars.
The profit is dollars.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
2.
3.
Brianna 用周末工作赚来的部分钱购买若干张同价 CD。她用自己钱的五分之一买了全部 CD 的三分之一。买完全部 CD 后,她还剩下自己钱的几分之几?
Brianna is using part of the money she earned on her weekend job to buy several equally-priced CDs. She used one fifth of her money to buy one third of the CDs. What fraction of her money will she have left after she buys all the CDs?
小提示:
买全部 CD 的费用是买其中三分之一的三倍。
Buying all the CDs costs three times as much as buying one third of them
大提示:
全部 CD 花费她钱的 。
All the CDs cost of her money
解答:
全部 CD 的费用是三分之一 CD 费用的三倍,即她的钱的 。
她还剩下自己钱的 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Buying all the CDs costs three times what one third of them cost, namely of her money.
She has of her money left.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
4.
学年开始时,Lisa 的目标是在全年 次小测中至少 得 A。前 次小测中她有 次得 A。若要达成目标,剩下的小测中她最多有多少次可以低于 A?
At the beginning of the school year, Lisa’s goal was to earn an A on at least of her quizzes for the year. She earned an A on of the first quizzes. If she is to achieve her goal, on at most how many of the remaining quizzes can she earn a grade lower than an A?
答案:B
小提示:
次小测的 是她需要得 A 的次数。
of quizzes is the number of A’s she needs
大提示:
剩下 次中,她还需要 次 A。
She needs more A’s out of the remaining quizzes
解答:
Lisa 至少需要 次 A。
她已经有 次,所以剩下 次中还需要 次 A。
因此最多可以有 次低于 A。
所以正确答案是 B。
Lisa needs an A on at least quizzes.
She has already, so she needs more of the remaining quizzes.
She can earn a lower grade on at most of them.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
5.
一个 英尺乘 英尺的地面铺满 英尺乘 英尺的正方形瓷砖。每块瓷砖的图案由四个白色四分之一圆组成,每个圆半径为 英尺,圆心在瓷砖的四个角。瓷砖剩余部分为阴影。地面上阴影部分共有多少平方英尺?
An -foot by -foot floor is tiled with square tiles of size foot by foot. Each tile has a pattern consisting of four white quarter circles of radius foot centered at each corner of the tile. The remaining portion of the tile is shaded. How many square feet of the floor are shaded?
小提示:
一块瓷砖上的四个四分之一圆合起来是一个整圆。
The four quarter circles in one tile combine into one full circle
大提示:
每块瓷砖阴影面积为 ,共有 块瓷砖。
Each tile has shaded area and there are tiles
解答:
每块瓷砖的四个四分之一圆合成一个半径为 的圆,面积为 。
每块瓷砖阴影面积为 。
共有 块瓷砖,所以总阴影面积为
所以正确答案是 A。
The four quarter circles in a tile together form one full circle of radius with area
So each tile has shaded area square feet.
There are tiles, so the total shaded area is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
6.
在 中,,。设 是直线 上一点, 在 与 之间,且 。 是多少?
In we have and Suppose that is a point on line such that lies between and and What is
小提示:
从 向直线 作高;它交 于中点 。
Drop the altitude from to line ; it meets at its midpoint
大提示:
,且 ,其中 。
and with
解答:
设 为从 到直线 的垂足。由于 中 ,所以 是 的中点,从而 。
于是 。对 应用勾股定理,其中 ,得 从而 。
于是由上式得 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Let be the foot of the altitude from to line Since is isosceles with is the midpoint of so
Then Applying the Pythagorean Theorem to with gives so
Therefore which means
Thus, the correct answer is A.
7.
图形 围成的面积是多少?
What is the area enclosed by the graph of
小提示:
求它在两条坐标轴上的截距。
Find the intercepts on the two axes
大提示:
图形是一个对角线在坐标轴上的菱形。
The graph is a rhombus with diagonals along the axes
解答:
令 ,得 ,所以 。令 ,得 ,所以 。
该图形是一个菱形,顶点为 和 ,所以两条对角线的长度分别为 和 。
它的面积为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Setting gives so Setting gives so
The graph is a rhombus with vertices and so its diagonals have lengths and
Its area is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
8.
对多少个 的值,直线 经过抛物线 的顶点?
For how many values of is it true that the line passes through the vertex of the parabola
无限多个
infinitely many
小提示:
的顶点是 。
The vertex of is
大提示:
把顶点代入直线,得到 。
Substitute the vertex into the line to get
解答:
抛物线 的顶点为 。
直线 经过该点当且仅当 ,即 。
所以 或 ,共有 个值。
所以正确答案是 C。
The vertex of the parabola is
The line passes through it exactly when that is
This gives or so there are values.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
9.
某次数学考试中, 的学生得 分, 得 分, 得 分, 得 分,其余学生得 分。该考试平均分与中位数之差是多少?
On a certain math exam, of the students got points, got points, got points, got points, and the rest got points. What is the difference between the mean and the median score on this exam?
小提示:
得 分的比例为 。
The remaining percentage scored :
大提示:
对中位数,找累计百分比何时超过 。
For the median, find where the cumulative percentage passes
解答:
得 分的学生百分比是 。
平均分为
累计看, 的学生低于 分, 的学生不高于 分, 的学生不高于 分。中间位置落在 分,所以中位数为 。
差为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
The percentage scoring is
The mean is
Cumulatively, are below are at or below and are at or below The middle scores fall at so the median is
The difference is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
10.
一个数列的第一项是 。每一项之后的下一项等于前一项各位数字的立方和。该数列的第 项是多少?
The first term of a sequence is Each succeeding term is the sum of the cubes of the digits of the previous term. What is the th term of the sequence?
小提示:
计算前几项并寻找循环。
Compute the first several terms and look for a repeating cycle
大提示:
一旦某个值重复出现,后面的各项就以同样的周期循环;用项的序号对该周期取模即可。
Once a value repeats, the later terms repeat with the same period; use the term index modulo that period
解答:
数列开始为 ,因为 ,,,且 。
在首项 之后,数列以 为周期 循环。
当 时,第 项是序列 中索引为 的一项。因为 ,所以第 项是 。
所以正确答案是 E。
The sequence begins since and
After the initial the terms cycle through with period
Term for is the th entry of Since the th term is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
11.
一个信封中有八张纸币: 张一元、 张五元、 张十元、 张二十元。不放回地随机抽出两张。它们面值和至少为 的概率是多少?
An envelope contains eight bills: ones, fives, tens, and twenties. Two bills are drawn at random without replacement. What is the probability that their sum is or more?
小提示:
共有 对等可能的纸币。
There are equally likely pairs
大提示:
和至少 的情况包括两张二十、一张二十配较小纸币,或两张十。
A sum of or more needs both twenties, a twenty with a smaller bill, or both tens
解答:
共有 对等可能的纸币。
总额达到 或更多的情况有:两张二十( 种),一张二十配六张较小纸币之一( 种),以及两张十( 种)。
有利情况共 种,所以概率为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
There are equally likely pairs of bills.
The sum is or more in these cases: both twenties ( way), one twenty with one of the six smaller bills ( ways), or both tens ( way).
That is favorable pairs, so the probability is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
12.
二次方程 的根是 的根的两倍,且 ,, 都不为零。 是多少?
The quadratic equation has roots that are twice those of and none of and is zero. What is the value of
小提示:
设 的根为 ;另一个方程的根为 。
Let be the roots of ; the other equation has roots
大提示:
用韦达定理把 写成 和 的式子。
Write in terms of and using Vieta’s formulas
解答:
设 和 是 的根,则 ,且 。
方程 的根为 和 ,所以 ,且 。
于是 ,且 ,即 ,所以
所以正确答案是 D。
Let and be the roots of so and
The roots of are and so and
Then and which gives so
Thus, the correct answer is D.
13.
14.
一个圆的圆心为 ,其中 。该圆与直线 、 和 都相切。该圆的半径是多少?
A circle having center with is tangent to the lines and What is the radius of this circle?
小提示:
与 相切、圆心为 且 ,可得 。
Tangency to with center and gives
大提示:
点 到直线 的距离是 ,这个距离也等于 。
The distance from to the line is and it also equals
解答:
圆与 相切,且圆心 在其上方,所以半径为 。
点 到直线 的距离为 ,这也等于 。
令 ,得 。
因此 。
所以正确答案是 E。
Since the circle is tangent to and its center is above that line, the radius is
The distance from to the line is and this must also equal
Setting gives
Then
Thus, the correct answer is E.
15.
四个两位数的和是 。这八个数字中没有 ,且互不相同。下列哪一个数字没有出现在这八个数字中?
The sum of four two-digit numbers is None of the eight digits is and no two of them are the same. Which of the following is not included among the eight digits?
小提示:
使用的八个不同非零数字的总和在 到 之间。
The eight distinct nonzero digits used have a total between and
大提示:
若个位数字和为 ,十位数字和为 ,则 ,所以 的个位是 。
If the units digits sum to and the tens digits to then so ends in
解答:
八个数字来自 到 ,全部非零数字的和为 ,所以这八个数字的总和在 与 之间。
设个位数字和为 ,十位数字和为 ,则 ,所以 的个位为 。又 ,故 或 。
若 则 ,所以 ,八个数字总和为 ,小于 ,不可能。因此 ,,总和为 。
缺失数字为 。例如 。
所以正确答案是 D。
The eight digits are distinct and chosen from through whose total is So the eight used digits sum to between and
Let the four units digits sum to and the four tens digits sum to Then so ends in Since we have or
If then so and the eight digits sum to which is below So giving and total
The missing digit is For example,
Thus, the correct answer is D.
16.
八个半径为 的球,每个八分体中一个,都与坐标平面相切。以原点为球心、能包含这八个球的最小球的半径是多少?
Eight spheres of radius one per octant, are each tangent to the coordinate planes. What is the radius of the smallest sphere, centered at the origin, that contains these eight spheres?
小提示:
一个在某个八分体内且与三个坐标平面相切的单位球,球心为 。
A unit sphere tangent to all three coordinate planes in one octant has center
大提示:
把原点到球心的距离再加上一个半径。
Add the distance from the origin to a center and one more radius
解答:
在某个八分体中,与三个坐标平面都相切、半径为 的球,其球心可取为 这样的点,于是 就是球心到原点的距离。
这个球上离原点最远的点距离为 ,所以包含八个球的最小球半径为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
A sphere of radius tangent to the three coordinate planes in one octant has its center at a point like at distance from the origin.
The farthest point of that sphere from the origin is at distance so the containing sphere has radius
Thus, the correct answer is D.
17.
有多少个有理数四元组 满足
How many distinct four-tuples of rational numbers are there with
无限多个
infinitely many
小提示:
把左边改写为 。
Rewrite the left side as
大提示:
于是 ;用唯一分解匹配指数。
Then ; match exponents via unique factorization
解答:
原方程等价于 ,所以
把 的分母乘以同一个整数消去,再用质因数分解的唯一性比较指数,可得 、、、。
所以恰有 个这样的四元组。
所以正确答案是 B。
The equation is equivalent to so
Clearing the denominators of with a common integer multiplier and using the uniqueness of prime factorization, the exponents must match: and
So there is exactly such four-tuple.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
18.
设 和 是平面上的点。令 为第一象限中所有点 组成的区域,使得 是锐角三角形。区域 的面积最接近哪个整数?
Let and be points in the plane. Define as the region in the first quadrant consisting of those points such that is an acute triangle. What is the closest integer to the area of the region
小提示:
角 为锐角表示 在过 且垂直于 的直线远侧;角 类似。
Angle acute means is on the far side of the line through perpendicular to ; similarly for
大提示:
角 为锐角表示 在以 为直径的圆外;合并三个区域条件。
Angle acute means lies outside the circle with diameter ; combine three regions
解答:
直线 的斜率为 。要使 为锐角, 必须在过 且垂直于 的直线远侧;在第一象限中,这条线连接 与 。要使 为锐角, 必须在过 且垂直于 的直线近侧,这条线连接 与 。
为了使 为锐角, 必须在以 为直径的圆 外,其半径为 。
圆完全位于这条带内并且在第一象限中。所以所求区域是大直角三角形 减去小直角三角形 和整个圆 :
所以正确答案是 C。
Line has slope For to be acute, must lie beyond the line through perpendicular to in the first quadrant that line runs between and For to be acute, must lie before the line through perpendicular to between and
For to be acute, must lie outside the circle with diameter whose radius is
The circle lies entirely inside this strip and in the first quadrant. Thus the region is the large right triangle minus the small right triangle and the full circle
Thus, the correct answer is C.
19.
设 和 为两位整数,且 是把 的数字反过来得到的。整数 和 满足 ,其中 为正整数。 是多少?
Let and be two-digit integers such that is obtained by reversing the digits of The integers and satisfy for some positive integer What is
小提示:
写 、;则 。
Write and ; then
大提示:
若 是完全平方数,则 必须为 。
For to be a perfect square, must be
解答:
设 、,其中 。则
因为 ,要使它成为完全平方数,必须有 是 的倍数。由于 ,且 ,可用的唯一 的倍数是 。
此时 ,它为完全平方数,当且仅当 是完全平方数。因为 是奇数,所以 是奇数;又因为 ,唯一可能的平方值为 。因此 。
所以 ,,且 。因此 。
所以正确答案是 E。
Let and with Then
Since for this to be a perfect square we need to be a multiple of As and the only multiple of available is
Then which is a perfect square exactly when is a perfect square. Because is odd, is odd; and because its only possible square value is Hence
So and Thus
Thus, the correct answer is E.
20.
设 、、、、、、 和 是下面集合中互不相同的元素: 下式的最小可能值是多少
Let and be distinct elements in the set What is the minimum possible value of
小提示:
整个集合和为 ,所以若一组和为 ,另一组和为 。
The whole set sums to so if one group sums to the other sums to
大提示:
;检查 是否能达到。
; check whether is actually attainable
解答:
所有元素的和为 。若 ,则 ,所以
该式在 时取得最小值 。但是 必须在某一组中,而其余元素中没有三个数能与 相加得到 (这要求三个数之和为 )。若包含 ,另两个数需要和为 ,但没有可用数对满足;若不包含 ,把 中任一项替换都会使和超过 。所以 无法达到,且 。
最小值为 ,例如分组 (和为 )与 (和为 )可以达到。
所以正确答案是 C。
The elements sum to If then so
This is minimized when giving But must lie in one group, and no three of the remaining elements add with to make (that would need three of them to sum to ). With the other two would need to sum to which no available pair does; without replacing any term in raises the sum past So is unattainable and
The minimum is achieved for instance by (sum ) and (sum ).
Thus, the correct answer is C.
21.
正整数 有 个因数,且 有 个因数。使 整除 的最大整数 是多少?
A positive integer has divisors and has divisors. What is the greatest integer such that divides
小提示:
写成 ,其中 不是 的倍数;设 的因数个数为 。
Write with not divisible by ; let be the number of divisors of
大提示:
则 有 个因数, 有 个因数。
Then has divisors and has divisors
解答:
写成 ,其中 不是 的倍数,并设 有 个因数。那么 有 个因数,而 有 个因数。
两式相除,得到 ,所以 ,从而 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Write where is not divisible by and let be the number of divisors of Then has divisors and has divisors.
Dividing, so giving
Thus, the correct answer is C.
22.
复数列 ,,, 由 定义,其中 是 的共轭,且 。若 且 ,则 有多少个可能值?
A sequence of complex numbers is defined by the rule where is the complex conjugate of and Suppose that and How many possible values are there for
小提示:
因为 ,所以 ,从而 。
Since so
大提示:
迭代后 等于一个固定的常数乘以 ;数出所得方程的根。
Iterating gives as a fixed constant times ; count roots of the resulting equation
解答:
因为 ,每个 ,所以 ,于是
迭代得 ,。此外,若 ,则 。于是对每个 都有 。
于是条件 就化为 。而任何非零复数方程 恰好有 个不同的解,且它们都在单位圆上。
这里 ,所以 有 个可能值。
所以正确答案是 E。
Because every so and
Iterating, and Moreover, if then Thus for every
The condition is therefore Every nonzero complex equation has exactly distinct solutions, all on the unit circle.
Here so there are possible values for
Thus, the correct answer is E.
23.
设 为所有满足 和 的实数有序三元组 的集合。存在实数 和 ,使得对 中所有 ,都有 。 的值是多少?
Let be the set of ordered triples of real numbers for which and There are real numbers and such that for all ordered triples in we have What is the value of
小提示:
把条件改写为 和 。
Rewrite the conditions as and
大提示:
使用 ,其中 。
Use with
解答:
条件给出 和 。于是 所以 。
使用 ,得到
所以 、,从而 。这些系数是唯一确定的:令 ,可得实数解 ,其方程迫使 仍取同一值。
所以正确答案是 B。
The conditions give and Then so
Using
So and giving These coefficients are determined: setting gives real solutions and their equation forces this same value of
Thus, the correct answer is B.
24.
一个等边三角形的三个顶点都在抛物线 上,且其中一条边的斜率为 。三个顶点的 -坐标之和为 ,其中 、 是互质正整数。 的值是多少?
All three vertices of an equilateral triangle are on the parabola and one of its sides has a slope of The -coordinates of the three vertices have a sum of where and are relatively prime positive integers. What is the value of
小提示:
连接 和 的弦的斜率为 。
The chord joining and has slope
大提示:
三条边的斜率为 与 ;它们的和是顶点横坐标之和的两倍。
The three side slopes are and ; their sum is twice the vertex-sum
解答:
对顶点 ,一条边的斜率为 。三条边斜率相加得
若一条边的方向角为 ,其斜率为 。等边三角形另外两条边的方向角为 ,所以它们的斜率为
三个斜率和为 。
因此 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 A。
For vertices the slope of a side is Adding the three side slopes,
One side has slope Because the triangle is equilateral, its sides make angles and so the other two slopes are
The sum of the three slopes is
Thus so
Thus, the correct answer is A.
25.
六只蚂蚁同时站在一个正八面体的六个顶点上,每个顶点一只。它们同时且独立地从所在顶点移动到四个相邻顶点之一,每个选择概率相同。没有两只蚂蚁到达同一顶点的概率是多少?
Six ants simultaneously stand on the six vertices of a regular octahedron, with each ant at a different vertex. Simultaneously and independently, each ant moves from its vertex to one of the four adjacent vertices, each with equal probability. What is the probability that no two ants arrive at the same vertex?
小提示:
共有 种移动组合;每个顶点只与它的对顶点不相邻。
There are move combinations; each vertex is non-adjacent only to its opposite
大提示:
有效的最终分配是一个排列,且没有顶点被送到自身或对顶点;按对顶点的像是相对还是相邻分类。
A valid final assignment is a permutation with no vertex sent to itself or its opposite; split by whether opposite vertices’ images are opposite or adjacent
解答:
共有 种等可能移动。把顶点标为 ,其中带撇号的是对应对顶点。有效结果是一个排列 ,且 ,其他顶点同理。
有序对 有 个选择。其中 、 互为对顶点的有 种,相邻的有 种。
若 互为对顶点,例如 ,则 ,且 ,给出 种。
若 相邻,例如 ,则 中必须有一个是 ,有 个有序选择 ,每个给 留下 种,共 种。
概率为
所以正确答案是 A。
There are equally likely combinations of moves. Label the vertices where primed vertices are opposite the corresponding unprimed ones. An ant cannot move to its own vertex or the opposite one, so a valid outcome is a permutation with and similarly for each pair.
There are ordered choices for Of these, and are opposite in cases and adjacent in
If are opposite, say then and giving valid combinations.
If are adjacent, say then one of must be and there are ordered choices for each leaving for that is valid combinations.
Hence the probability is
Thus, the correct answer is A.