2008 AMC 12A 第 20 题

先试着解答 2008 AMC 12A 第 20 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2008 AMC 12A 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

20.

三角形 ABCABC 中,AC=3AC = 3、BC=4BC = 4、AB=5AB = 5。点 DD 在 ABAB 上,且 CDCD 平分直角。△ADC\triangle ADC 和 △BCD\triangle BCD 的内切圆半径分别为 rar_a 和 rbr_b,求 rarb\frac{r_a}{r_b}。
Triangle ABCABC has AC=3,AC = 3, BC=4,BC = 4, and AB=5.AB = 5. Point DD is on AB,AB, and CDCD bisects the right angle. The inscribed circles of △ADC\triangle ADC and △BCD\triangle BCD have radii rar_a and rb,r_b, respectively. What is rarb?\frac{r_a}{r_b}?
128(10−2)\dfrac{1}{28}(10 - \sqrt{2})
356(10−2)\dfrac{3}{56}(10 - \sqrt{2})
114(10−2)\dfrac{1}{14}(10 - \sqrt{2})
556(10−2)\dfrac{5}{56}(10 - \sqrt{2})
328(10−2)\dfrac{3}{28}(10 - \sqrt{2})
答案:E
知识点:角平分线定理内切圆、内心与内切圆半径面积比
小提示:
由角平分线定理,AD:DB=CA:CB=3:4AD:DB = CA:CB = 3:4。
By the Angle Bisector Theorem, AD:DB=CA:CB=3:4AD:DB = CA:CB = 3:4
大提示:
对每个小三角形使用 r=面积sr = \frac{\text{面积}}{s};两个三角形共享底边 CDCD。
For each small triangle r=areas;r = \frac{\text{area}}{s}; the two triangles share the base CDCD
解答:
由角平分线定理,AD:DB=CA:CB=3:4AD:DB = CA:CB = 3:4,所以 AD=157AD = \tfrac{15}{7},BD=207BD = \tfrac{20}{7}。两个小三角形 △ADC\triangle ADC 和 △BCD\triangle BCD 共用底边 CDCD,面积比为 3:43:4,面积分别为 187\tfrac{18}{7} 和 247\tfrac{24}{7}。
将 △ABC\triangle ABC 沿 CDCD 分割,该线段与两条直角边都成 45∘45^\circ,于是 3⋅CD22+4⋅CD22=6, \dfrac{3 \cdot CD}{2\sqrt{2}} + \dfrac{4 \cdot CD}{2\sqrt{2}} = 6\text{,} 所以 CD=1227CD = \tfrac{12\sqrt{2}}{7}。
两个三角形的半周长分别为 sa=67(3+2),sb=67(4+2)。 \begin{aligned} s_a &= \dfrac{6}{7}(3 + \sqrt{2}), \\ s_b &= \dfrac{6}{7}(4 + \sqrt{2}) \end{aligned}\text{。} 利用 r=面积sr = \frac{\text{面积}}{s},可得 rarb=[ADC][BCD]⋅sbsa=34⋅4+23+2, \begin{aligned} \dfrac{r_a}{r_b} &= \dfrac{[ADC]}{[BCD]} \cdot \dfrac{s_b}{s_a} \\ &= \dfrac{3}{4} \cdot \dfrac{4 + \sqrt{2}}{3 + \sqrt{2}} \end{aligned}\text{,}
有理化得 4+23+2=10−27\dfrac{4 + \sqrt{2}}{3 + \sqrt{2}} = \dfrac{10 - \sqrt{2}}{7},因此 rarb=34⋅10−27=328(10−2)。 \begin{aligned} \dfrac{r_a}{r_b} &= \dfrac{3}{4} \cdot \dfrac{10 - \sqrt{2}}{7} \\ &= \dfrac{3}{28}(10 - \sqrt{2}) \end{aligned}\text{。}
所以正确答案是 E。
By the Angle Bisector Theorem, AD:DB=CA:CB=3:4,AD:DB = CA:CB = 3:4, so AD=157AD = \tfrac{15}{7} and BD=207.BD = \tfrac{20}{7}. The areas of △ADC\triangle ADC and △BCD\triangle BCD share base CD,CD, so they are in ratio 3:4,3:4, namely 187\tfrac{18}{7} and 247.\tfrac{24}{7}.
Splitting △ABC\triangle ABC along CD,CD, which meets each leg at 45∘,45^\circ, gives 3⋅CD22+4⋅CD22=6, \dfrac{3 \cdot CD}{2\sqrt{2}} + \dfrac{4 \cdot CD}{2\sqrt{2}} = 6, so CD=1227.CD = \tfrac{12\sqrt{2}}{7}.
The two semiperimeters are sa=67(3+2),sb=67(4+2). \begin{aligned} s_a &= \dfrac{6}{7}(3 + \sqrt{2}), \\ s_b &= \dfrac{6}{7}(4 + \sqrt{2}). \end{aligned} Using r=areas,r = \frac{\text{area}}{s}, rarb=[ADC][BCD]⋅sbsa=34⋅4+23+2, \begin{aligned} \dfrac{r_a}{r_b} &= \dfrac{[ADC]}{[BCD]} \cdot \dfrac{s_b}{s_a} \\ &= \dfrac{3}{4} \cdot \dfrac{4 + \sqrt{2}}{3 + \sqrt{2}}, \end{aligned}
Rationalizing, 4+23+2=10−27,\dfrac{4 + \sqrt{2}}{3 + \sqrt{2}} = \dfrac{10 - \sqrt{2}}{7}, so rarb=34⋅10−27=328(10−2). \begin{aligned} \dfrac{r_a}{r_b} &= \dfrac{3}{4} \cdot \dfrac{10 - \sqrt{2}}{7} \\ &= \dfrac{3}{28}(10 - \sqrt{2}). \end{aligned}
Thus, E is the correct answer.
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