2024 AMC 12B 第 20 题

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20.

A,BA, BCC 是平面上的点,且 AB=40AB = 40AC=42AC = 42。令 xx 为从 AABC\overline{BC} 中点的线段长度。定义函数 ff,令 f(x)f(x)ABC\triangle ABC 的面积。那么 ff 的定义域是开区间 (p,q)(p, q),且 f(x)f(x) 的最大值 rrx=sx = s 时取得。求 p+q+r+sp + q + r + s

Suppose A,B,A, B, and CC are points in the plane with AB=40AB = 40 and AC=42,AC = 42, and let xx be the length of the line segment from AA to the midpoint of BC.\overline{BC}. Define a function ff by letting f(x)f(x) be the area of ABC.\triangle ABC. Then the domain of ff is an open interval (p,q),(p, q), and the maximum value rr of f(x)f(x) occurs at x=s.x = s. What is p+q+r+s?p + q + r + s?

909909

910910

911911

912912

913913

答案:C
知识点:中线(几何)三角不等式最优化
难度评级:2110
解答:

a=BCa = BC。中线长度满足 x2x^2 =21600+21764a24= \dfrac{2\cdot 1600 + 2\cdot 1764 - a^2}{4} =6728a24= \dfrac{6728 - a^2}{4}。三角形不等式要求 2<a<822 \lt a \lt 82,即 4<a2<67244 \lt a^2 \lt 6724,从而 1<x<411 \lt x \lt 41。所以 (p,q)=(1,41)(p, q) = (1, 41)

AB=40AB = 40AC=42AC = 42 固定时,面积为 124042sinA\tfrac12\cdot 40\cdot 42\sin A,当 A=90\angle A = 90^\circ 时最大,得 r=840r = 840。此时 a2=402+422=3364a^2 = 40^2 + 42^2 = 3364x2=672833644=841x^2 = \dfrac{6728 - 3364}{4} = 841,所以 s=29s = 29

因此 p+q+r+sp + q + r + s =1+41+840+29= 1 + 41 + 840 + 29 =911= 911

所以正确答案是 C

Let a=BC.a = BC. The median length gives x2x^2 =21600+21764a24= \dfrac{2\cdot 1600 + 2\cdot 1764 - a^2}{4} =6728a24.= \dfrac{6728 - a^2}{4}. The triangle inequality requires 2<a<82,2 \lt a \lt 82, i.e. 4<a2<6724,4 \lt a^2 \lt 6724, which translates to 1<x<41.1 \lt x \lt 41. So (p,q)=(1,41).(p, q) = (1, 41).

With AB=40AB = 40 and AC=42AC = 42 fixed, the area 124042sinA\tfrac12\cdot 40\cdot 42\sin A is largest when A=90,\angle A = 90^\circ, giving r=840.r = 840. Then a2=402+422=3364,a^2 = 40^2 + 42^2 = 3364, so x2=672833644=841,x^2 = \dfrac{6728 - 3364}{4} = 841, i.e. s=29.s = 29.

Thus p+q+r+sp + q + r + s =1+41+840+29= 1 + 41 + 840 + 29 =911.= 911.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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