2023 AMC 12A 第 18 题

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18.

C1C_1C2C_2 的半径都为 11,两圆圆心之间的距离为 12\tfrac12。圆 C3C_3 是同时内切于 C1C_1C2C_2 的最大圆。圆 C4C_4 同时内切于 C1C_1C2C_2,并且外切于 C3C_3。圆 C4C_4 的半径是多少?

Circle C1C_1 and C2C_2 each have radius 1,1, and the distance between their centers is 12.\tfrac12. Circle C3C_3 is the largest circle internally tangent to both C1C_1 and C2.C_2. Circle C4C_4 is internally tangent to both C1C_1 and C2C_2 and externally tangent to C3.C_3. What is the radius of C4?C_4?

114\dfrac{1}{14}

112\dfrac{1}{12}

110\dfrac{1}{10}

328\dfrac{3}{28}

19\dfrac{1}{9}

答案:D
知识点:相切圆坐标几何
难度评级:1990
解答:

把圆心放在 O1=(14,0)O_1=\left(-\tfrac14,0\right)O2=(14,0)O_2=\left(\tfrac14,0\right)。由对称性, C3C_3 以原点为圆心;与 C1C_1 内切给出其半径为 114=341-\tfrac14=\tfrac34

C4C_4 的半径为 rr,圆心为对称轴上的 (0,k)(0,k)。与 C3C_3 外切可得 k=34+rk=\tfrac34+r,与 C1C_1 内切可得 116+k2=1r\sqrt{\tfrac{1}{16}+k^2}=1-r

代入得 116+(34+r)2=(1r)2\tfrac{1}{16}+\left(\tfrac34+r\right)^2=(1-r)^2,化简为 72r=38\tfrac72 r=\tfrac38,所以 r=328r=\dfrac{3}{28}

所以正确答案是 D

Put the centers at O1=(14,0)O_1=\left(-\tfrac14,0\right) and O2=(14,0).O_2=\left(\tfrac14,0\right). By symmetry C3C_3 is centered at the origin, and internal tangency to C1C_1 gives radius 114=34.1-\tfrac14=\tfrac34.

Let C4C_4 have radius r,r, centered at (0,k)(0,k) on the axis of symmetry. External tangency to C3C_3 gives k=34+r,k=\tfrac34+r, and internal tangency to C1C_1 gives 116+k2=1r.\sqrt{\tfrac{1}{16}+k^2}=1-r.

Substituting, 116+(34+r)2=(1r)2,\tfrac{1}{16}+\left(\tfrac34+r\right)^2=(1-r)^2, which simplifies to 72r=38,\tfrac72 r=\tfrac38, so r=328.r=\dfrac{3}{28}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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