2021 AMC 12A Spring 第 20 题

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20.

假设一条顶点为 VV、焦点为 FF 的抛物线上存在一点 AA,使得 AF=20AF = 20AV=21AV = 21。长度 FVFV 的所有可能值之和是多少?

Suppose that on a parabola with vertex VV and a focus FF there exists a point AA such that AF=20AF = 20 and AV=21.AV = 21. What is the sum of all possible values of the length FV?FV?

1313

403\dfrac{40}{3}

413\dfrac{41}{3}

1414

433\dfrac{43}{3}

答案:B
知识点:抛物线距离公式韦达定理
难度评级:2300
解答:

V=(0,0)V = (0, 0), 焦点 F=(0,f)F = (0, f), 准线为 y=fy = -f, 其中 f=FVf = FV。 抛物线上的点 A=(x,y)A = (x, y) 满足 x2=4fyx^2 = 4fy,且 AF=y+f=20AF = y + f = 20, 所以 y=20fy = 20 - f。 又 AV2=x2+y2=4fy+y2AV^2 = x^2 + y^2 = 4fy + y^2 =441= 441

代入 y=20fy = 20 - f: 由 Vieta 公式,两个可能的 ff 值之和为 403\dfrac{40}{3}4f(20f)+(20f)2=441    3f240f+41=0. \begin{aligned} &4f(20 - f) + (20 - f)^2 = 441 \\ &\;\Longrightarrow\; 3f^2 - 40f + 41 = 0. \end{aligned}

因此,正确答案是 B

Let V=(0,0),V = (0, 0), focus F=(0,f),F = (0, f), and directrix y=f,y = -f, where f=FV.f = FV. A point A=(x,y)A = (x, y) on the parabola satisfies x2=4fyx^2 = 4fy and AF=y+f=20,AF = y + f = 20, so y=20f.y = 20 - f. Also AV2=x2+y2=4fy+y2AV^2 = x^2 + y^2 = 4fy + y^2 =441.= 441.

Substituting y=20f:y = 20 - f: 4f(20f)+(20f)2=441    3f240f+41=0. \begin{aligned} &4f(20 - f) + (20 - f)^2 = 441 \\ &\;\Longrightarrow\; 3f^2 - 40f + 41 = 0. \end{aligned} By Vieta's formulas, the sum of the two possible values of ff is 403.\dfrac{40}{3}.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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