2021 AMC 12A Spring 第 20 题

先试着解答 2021 AMC 12A Spring 第 20 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2021 AMC 12A Spring 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

20.

假设一条顶点为 VV、焦点为 FF 的抛物线上存在一点 AA,使得 AF=20AF = 20 且 AV=21AV = 21。长度 FVFV 的所有可能值之和是多少?
Suppose that on a parabola with vertex VV and a focus FF there exists a point AA such that AF=20AF = 20 and AV=21.AV = 21. What is the sum of all possible values of the length FV?FV?
1313
403\dfrac{40}{3}
413\dfrac{41}{3}
1414
433\dfrac{43}{3}
答案:B
知识点:抛物线距离公式韦达定理
小提示:
将 VV 放在原点,令焦距 f=FVf = FV;那么 AFAF 等于 AA 到准线的距离
Put VV at the origin with focal distance f=FV;f = FV; then AFAF equals the distance from AA to the directrix
大提示:
设 A=(x,y)A = (x, y),使用 y+f=20y + f = 20 和 x2+y2=212x^2 + y^2 = 21^2,再结合 x2=4fyx^2 = 4fy 得到关于 ff 的二次方程
With A=(x,y),A = (x, y), use y+f=20y + f = 20 and x2+y2=212,x^2 + y^2 = 21^2, with x2=4fy,x^2 = 4fy, to get a quadratic in ff
解答:
令 V=(0,0)V = (0, 0),焦点 F=(0,f)F = (0, f),准线为 y=−fy = -f,其中 f=FVf = FV。抛物线上的点 A=(x,y)A = (x, y) 满足 x2=4fyx^2 = 4fy,且 AF=y+f=20AF = y + f = 20,所以 y=20−fy = 20 - f。又 AV2=x2+y2=4fy+y2AV^2 = x^2 + y^2 = 4fy + y^2 =441= 441。
代入 y=20−fy = 20 - f: 4f(20−f)+(20−f)2=441  ⟹  3f2−40f+41=0。 \begin{aligned} &4f(20 - f) + (20 - f)^2 = 441 \\ &\;\Longrightarrow\; 3f^2 - 40f + 41 = 0\text{。} \end{aligned} 由 Vieta 公式,两个可能的 ff 值之和为 403\dfrac{40}{3}。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let V=(0,0),V = (0, 0), focus F=(0,f),F = (0, f), and directrix y=−f,y = -f, where f=FV.f = FV. A point A=(x,y)A = (x, y) on the parabola satisfies x2=4fyx^2 = 4fy and AF=y+f=20,AF = y + f = 20, so y=20−f.y = 20 - f. Also AV2=x2+y2=4fy+y2AV^2 = x^2 + y^2 = 4fy + y^2 =441.= 441.
Substituting y=20−f:y = 20 - f: 4f(20−f)+(20−f)2=441  ⟹  3f2−40f+41=0. \begin{aligned} &4f(20 - f) + (20 - f)^2 = 441 \\ &\;\Longrightarrow\; 3f^2 - 40f + 41 = 0. \end{aligned} By Vieta’s formulas, the sum of the two possible values of ff is 403.\dfrac{40}{3}.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
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