2019 AMC 12A 第 18 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

18.

有一个以 OO 为球心、半径为 66 的球。一个三边长分别为 15,1515, 152424 的三角形位于空间中,它的每条边都与该球相切。求 OO 到这个三角形所在平面的距离。

A sphere with center OO has radius 6.6. A triangle with sides of length 15,15,15, 15, and 2424 is situated in space so that each of its sides is tangent to the sphere. What is the distance between OO and the plane determined by the triangle?

232\sqrt{3}

44

323\sqrt{2}

252\sqrt{5}

55

答案:D
知识点:内切圆、内心与内切圆半径勾股定理
难度评级:1910
解答:

球与三角形所在平面相交成一个半径为 36d2\sqrt{36 - d^2} 的圆,其中 ddOO 到该平面的距离。因为每条边都与球相切,这个圆就是三角形的内切圆。

该三角形面积为 12249=108\tfrac{1}{2} \cdot 24 \cdot 9 = 108,半周长为 2727, 所以内切圆半径为 10827=4\dfrac{108}{27} = 4

因此 36d2=4\sqrt{36 - d^2} = 4, 得 d2=20d^2 = 20,所以 d=25d = 2\sqrt{5}

所以正确答案是 D

The sphere intersects the triangle's plane in a circle of radius 36d2,\sqrt{36 - d^2}, where dd is the distance from OO to the plane. Since each side is tangent to the sphere, this circle is the triangle's incircle.

The triangle has area 12249=108\tfrac{1}{2} \cdot 24 \cdot 9 = 108 and semiperimeter 27,27, so its inradius is 10827=4.\dfrac{108}{27} = 4.

Thus 36d2=4,\sqrt{36 - d^2} = 4, giving d2=20d^2 = 20 and d=25.d = 2\sqrt{5}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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