2018 AMC 12A 第 20 题

先试着解答 2018 AMC 12A 第 20 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2018 AMC 12A 解答,或核对答案

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

20.

三角形 ABCABC 是等腰直角三角形,且 AB=AC=3AB = AC = 3。设 MM 为斜边 BC\overline{BC} 的中点。点 IIEE 分别在边 AC\overline{AC}AB\overline{AB} 上,使得 AI>AEAI \gt AE,并且 AIMEAIME 是圆内接四边形。已知三角形 EMIEMI 的面积为 22,则长度 CICI 可写成 abc\tfrac{a - \sqrt{b}}{c},其中 aabbcc 是正整数,且 bb 不被任何质数的平方整除。a+b+ca + b + c 的值是多少?

Triangle ABCABC is an isosceles right triangle with AB=AC=3.AB = AC = 3. Let MM be the midpoint of hypotenuse BC.\overline{BC}. Points II and EE lie on sides AC\overline{AC} and AB,\overline{AB}, respectively, so that AI>AEAI \gt AE and AIMEAIME is a cyclic quadrilateral. Given that triangle EMIEMI has area 2,2, the length CICI can be written as abc,\tfrac{a - \sqrt{b}}{c}, where a,a, b,b, and cc are positive integers and bb is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is the value of a+b+c?a + b + c?

99

1010

1111

1212

1313

答案:D
知识点:圆内接四边形余弦定理三角形面积
难度评级:2110
解答:

因为 ABC\triangle ABC 是等腰直角三角形,CM=BM=322CM = BM = \tfrac32 \sqrt2,且 B,CB, C 处的底角为 4545^\circ。由于 AIMEAIME 是圆内接四边形且 AA 处是直角,角 IME=90\angle IME = 90^\circ。令 x=CIx = CIy=BEy = BE。在 MCI\triangle MCI 中由余弦定理, 同理,ME2=y23y+92ME^2 = y^2 - 3y + \tfrac92IM2=x2+922x322cos45=x23x+92, \begin{aligned} IM^2 &= x^2 + \tfrac92 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot x \cdot \tfrac32\sqrt2 \cdot \cos 45^\circ \\ &= x^2 - 3x + \tfrac92, \end{aligned}

对直角三角形 EMIEMIIAEIAE 使用勾股定理,得到 IM2+ME2IM^2 + ME^2 =(3x)2= (3-x)^2 +(3y)2+ (3-y)^2,化简为 x+y=3x + y = 3。面积条件 12IMME=2\tfrac12 IM \cdot ME = 2 表示 IM2ME2=16IM^2 \cdot ME^2 = 16。代入 y=3xy = 3 - x 后,ME2=x23x+92=IM2ME^2 = x^2 - 3x + \tfrac92 = IM^2,所以 (x23x+92)2=16\left(x^2 - 3x + \tfrac92\right)^2 = 16,因而 x23x+92=4x^2 - 3x + \tfrac92 = 4,即 x23x+12=0x^2 - 3x + \tfrac12 = 0

因为 AI>AEAI \gt AE 迫使 y>xy \gt x, 所以取较小根 x=372x = \tfrac{3 - \sqrt{7}}{2}。 于是 a+b+c=3+7+2=12a + b + c = 3 + 7 + 2 = 12

所以正确答案是 D

Since ABC\triangle ABC is an isosceles right triangle, CM=BM=322CM = BM = \tfrac32 \sqrt2 and the base angles at B,CB, C are 45.45^\circ. As AIMEAIME is cyclic with right angle at A,A, angle IME=90.\angle IME = 90^\circ. Let x=CIx = CI and y=BE.y = BE. By the Law of Cosines in MCI,\triangle MCI, IM2=x2+922x322cos45=x23x+92, \begin{aligned} IM^2 &= x^2 + \tfrac92 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot x \cdot \tfrac32\sqrt2 \cdot \cos 45^\circ \\ &= x^2 - 3x + \tfrac92, \end{aligned} and similarly ME2=y23y+92.ME^2 = y^2 - 3y + \tfrac92.

The Pythagorean Theorem in right triangles EMIEMI and IAEIAE gives IM2+ME2IM^2 + ME^2 =(3x)2= (3-x)^2 +(3y)2,+ (3-y)^2, which simplifies to x+y=3.x + y = 3. The area condition 12IMME=2\tfrac12 IM \cdot ME = 2 means IM2ME2=16.IM^2 \cdot ME^2 = 16. Substituting y=3xy = 3 - x makes ME2=x23x+92=IM2,ME^2 = x^2 - 3x + \tfrac92 = IM^2, so (x23x+92)2=16,\left(x^2 - 3x + \tfrac92\right)^2 = 16, hence x23x+92=4,x^2 - 3x + \tfrac92 = 4, i.e. x23x+12=0.x^2 - 3x + \tfrac12 = 0.

Since AI>AEAI \gt AE forces y>x,y \gt x, we take the smaller root x=372.x = \tfrac{3 - \sqrt{7}}{2}. Then a+b+c=3+7+2=12.a + b + c = 3 + 7 + 2 = 12.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

← 第 19 题#19
完整试卷

其他年份的第 20 题