2018 AMC 12A 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
一个大瓮里有 个球,其中 是红球,其余是蓝球。必须取出多少个蓝球,才能使瓮中红球的百分比变为 ?(不取出红球。)
A large urn contains balls, of which are red and the rest are blue. How many of the blue balls must be removed so that the percentage of red balls in the urn will be (No red balls are to be removed.)
答案:D
小提示:
红球的数量不变;只有蓝球被取出
The number of red balls never changes; only blue balls leave
大提示:
如果 个红球要占全瓮的 ,那么瓮中总数必须是 个
If red balls are to be of the urn, the urn must hold balls
解答:
原来有 个红球,而且这个数量保持不变。若红球要占全瓮的 ,瓮中必须有 个球。因为 ,所以正好要取出 个蓝球。
所以正确答案是 D。
There are red balls, and this count stays fixed. For the red balls to be of the urn, the urn must contain balls. Since , exactly blue balls are removed.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
2.
Carl 在探索洞穴时发现一批石头: 磅重的石头每块价值 $, 磅重的石头每块价值 $, 磅重的石头每块价值 $。每种大小至少有 块。他最多能携带 磅。按美元计,他最多能从洞穴中带出价值多少的石头?
While exploring a cave, Carl comes across a collection of -pound rocks worth $ each, -pound rocks worth $ each, and -pound rocks worth $ each. There are at least of each size. He can carry at most pounds. What is the maximum value, in dollars, of the rocks he can carry out of the cave?
小提示:
比较每磅价值:三种石头分别是 ,,和 。
Compare the value per pound: and for the three rock sizes
大提示:
装满 磅比总是选每磅价值最高的石头更重要;试试两块 磅石头和两块 磅石头
Filling the full pounds matters more than always grabbing the best per-pound rock; try two -pound and two -pound rocks
解答:
三种石头每磅分别价值 $、$ 和 $。对每一种可能的 磅石头数量,尽量装入 磅石头,再用 磅石头填满剩余容量。取 或 块 磅石头时,最大价值分别为 $、$、$ 和 $。
因此,两块 磅石头和两块 磅石头恰好用满 磅,最大价值是 $。所以正确答案是 C。
The rocks are worth $ $ and $ per pound, respectively. For each possible number of -pound rocks, use as many -pound rocks as fit and fill any leftover capacity with -pound rocks. Taking or of the -pound rocks gives maximum values $ $ $ and $ respectively.
Thus two -pound and two -pound rocks use all pounds, and the maximum value is $ Thus, the correct answer is C.
3.
一名学生要在一天 节课中安排 门数学课:代数、几何和数论。如果任意两门数学课不能安排在连续课时中,有多少种安排方法?(其他 节课上什么不需要考虑。)
How many ways can a student schedule mathematics courses—algebra, geometry, and number theory—in a -period day if no two mathematics courses can be taken in consecutive periods? (What courses the student takes during the other periods is of no concern here.)
小提示:
先数出从 个课时中选 个且没有相邻课时的集合数
First count the sets of periods out of with no two chosen periods adjacent
大提示:
这样的集合有 个,而三门不同课程可以用 种方式分配进去
There are such sets, and the three distinct courses can be assigned in ways
解答:
三个不相邻课时的选择为 ,,,和 ,共 种。三门不同课程可以按任意顺序放进这样的课时集合中,有 种顺序,因此共有 种安排。
所以正确答案是 E。
The choices of three non-consecutive periods are and a total of The three distinct courses can be placed into any such set in orders, giving schedules.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
4.
Alice、Bob 和 Charlie 在徒步时想知道最近的城镇有多远。Alice 说:“我们离城镇至少 英里。”Bob 回答:“我们至多离城镇 英里。”Charlie 接着说:“其实最近的城镇至多在 英里外。”结果三个人的话都不正确。设 为到最近城镇的距离,单位为英里。下列哪个区间是 的所有可能取值的集合?
Alice, Bob, and Charlie were on a hike and were wondering how far away the nearest town was. When Alice said, “We are at least miles away,” Bob replied, “We are at most miles away.” Charlie then remarked, “Actually the nearest town is at most miles away.” It turned out that none of the three statements was true. Let be the distance in miles to the nearest town. Which of the following intervals is the set of all possible values of
小提示:
每句话都是假的,所以把每句话都换成它的否定
Each statement is false, so replace each with its negation
大提示:
“至少 ” 为假表示 ;“至多 ” 为假表示 ;“至多 ” 为假表示 。
“At least ” false means “at most ” false means “at most ” false means
解答:
否定这三句假话,得到 ,,和 。这些条件的交集是 ,也就是区间 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Negating the three false statements gives and The intersection of these conditions is that is, the interval
Thus, the correct answer is D.
5.
若多项式 和 有一个公共根, 的所有可能值之和是多少?
What is the sum of all possible values of for which the polynomials and have a root in common?
小提示:
分解 ,找出它的两个根
Factor to find its two roots
大提示:
公共根必须是 或 ;把它们分别代入 并解出 。
A common root must be or substitute each into and solve for
解答:
因为 ,它的根是 和 。如果 是公共根,则 ,所以 。如果 是公共根,则 ,所以 。可能值之和为 。
所以正确答案是 E。
Since its roots are and If is a shared root then so If is a shared root then so The sum of possible values is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
6.
正整数 和 满足 ,并且集合 ,,, 的平均数和中位数都等于 。 是多少?
For positive integers and such that both the mean and the median of the set are equal to What is
小提示:
条件 迫使这六个数已经按递增顺序列出
The condition forces the six values to be listed in increasing order
大提示:
令中位数 ,再令平均数等于 ,然后解这两个方程
Set the median and set the mean equal to then solve the two equations
解答:
因为 ,这六个数已经按递增顺序排列,所以中位数是中间两个数的平均:,得到 。平均数条件为 因此 ,得 。于是 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Because the six numbers are already increasing, so the median is the average of the middle two: giving The mean condition is so and Then and
Thus, the correct answer is B.
7.
对多少个整数 (不一定为正), 的值是整数?
For how many (not necessarily positive) integer values of is the value of an integer?
小提示:
写成 ,所以表达式为 。
Write so the expression is
大提示:
它恰好在两个指数 和 都非负时是整数
This is an integer exactly when both exponents and are nonnegative
解答:
因为 ,原式等于 。它是整数当且仅当 且 ,也就是 。这样的整数有 个。
所以正确答案是 E。
Since the expression equals This is an integer exactly when both and that is, There are such integers.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
8.
下图中所有三角形都与等腰三角形 相似,其中 。这 个最小三角形中的每一个面积都是 ,且 的面积是 。梯形 的面积是多少?
All of the triangles in the diagram below are similar to isosceles triangle in which Each of the smallest triangles has area and has area What is the area of trapezoid
答案:E
小提示:
三角形 的底边 跨过 个小三角形的底边
The base of triangle spans small-triangle bases
大提示:
面积按长度的平方缩放,所以 ;再从 中减去它
Area scales as the square of length, so subtract this from
解答:
底边 所属的 与最小三角形相似,且底边是其 倍,所以根据相似图形面积的平方缩放,。梯形 是 中剩下的部分,所以它的面积是 。
所以正确答案是 E。
The base of is times the base of a smallest triangle, so by the square scaling of similar areas, The trapezoid is what remains of so its area is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
9.
下列哪一项描述了闭区间 内满足下面条件的 的最大取值集合: 对每个介于 和 之间(含端点)的 都成立?
Which of the following describes the largest subset of values of within the closed interval for which for every between and inclusive?
10.
有多少个实数有序对 满足下面的方程组?
How many ordered pairs of real numbers satisfy the following system of equations?
小提示:
方程 表示 ,可展开为 。
The equation means which unfolds into
大提示:
分别将 与 ,,,,联立求解,再去掉重复解
Solve together with each of then discard repeats
解答:
第二个方程给出 ,等价于 。代入 :
若 则 。若 则 。若 ,又得到 。若 则 。
不同的解是 ,,和 ,它们都满足原方程,所以共有 个。
所以正确答案是 C。
The second equation gives equivalently Substituting into
If then If then If then again If then
The distinct solutions are and all of which check, so there are
Thus, the correct answer is C.
11.
如图,一张边长分别为 ,,和 英寸的纸三角形被折叠,使点 落到点 。折痕的长度是多少英寸?
A paper triangle with sides of lengths and inches, as shown, is folded so that point falls on point What is the length in inches of the crease?
小提示:
把 折到 时,折痕在 的垂直平分线上;因为 ,它与 相交。
Folding onto creases along the perpendicular bisector of since it meets
大提示:
设 为 的中点, 在 上,则三角形 三角形 ,所以 。
With the midpoint of and on triangle triangle so
解答:
折痕位于 的垂直平分线上,并且由于 ,它在 处与 相交。设 为 的中点,则 ,且 在 处为直角。因为 ,有 ,所以
所以正确答案是 D。
The crease lies along the perpendicular bisector of meeting at because Let be the midpoint of so and is right-angled at Since we have so
Thus, the correct answer is D.
12.
设 是从 中选出的 个整数的集合,且满足:若 和 是 的元素且 ,则 不是 的倍数。 中元素的最小可能值是多少?
Let be a set of integers taken from with the property that if and are elements of with then is not a multiple of What is the least possible value of an element of
小提示:
把 分成若干链,每条链中前一个数整除后一个数:,,,,,。
Group into chains where each number divides the next:
大提示:
每条链至多取一个元素;共有 条链, 必须每条链正好取一个元素,迫使 。
At most one element comes from each chain; with chains, must use exactly one from each, forcing
解答:
将 分成六条整除链 ,,,,,。因为 中不能有一个元素整除另一个元素,所以每条链至多贡献一个元素;需要 个元素就迫使每条链正好取一个,因此 。
因为 ,所以 ,第二条链贡献 或 ,于是第一条链中既不能选 也不能选 (它们会整除 和 )。从第一条链取 可以做到: 满足条件。因此最小可能元素是 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Partition into the six divisibility chains Since no element of may divide another, at most one comes from each chain; needing elements forces exactly one from each, so
Because so the second chain contributes or and then neither nor can be chosen from the first chain (they divide and ). Taking from the first chain works: has the property. Hence the least possible element is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
13.
有多少个非负整数可以写成下面的形式:
其中对 有 ?
How many nonnegative integers can be written in the form
where for
小提示:
把每个 从 平移到 ,就得到普通的 进制数码
Shifting each from to makes an ordinary base- numeral
大提示:
这 个可表示整数关于 对称;把 和其余数值的一半一起计数。
The representable integers are symmetric about count together with half of the remaining values
解答:
给每个 都加 ,可在这些表达式与从 到 的 进制数之间建立双射,所以恰有 个不同整数出现。它们关于 对称(把所有 取相反数会使数值取相反数),所以除了 本身外,一半为正。非负整数的个数为 即从 到 的所有整数。
所以正确答案是 D。
Adding to every gives a bijection between these expressions and the base- numerals for through so exactly distinct integers occur. They are symmetric about (negating all negates the value), so besides itself, half are positive: nonnegative integers, namely through
Thus, the correct answer is D.
14.
方程 的解中, 是正实数且不等于 或 ,该解可写成 ,其中 和 是互质的正整数。 是多少?
The solution to the equation where is a positive real number other than or can be written as where and are relatively prime positive integers. What is
答案:D
小提示:
用共同底数改写两边:, 同理
Rewrite both sides with a common base: and similarly for
大提示:
交叉相乘后方程化为 ;解出 并写成既约分数
Cross-multiplying reduces the equation to solve for as a reduced fraction
解答:
把两个对数都写成以 为底:,所以 ,即 。于是 ,得 。因为 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Writing both logarithms in base so i.e. Then giving Since we get
Thus, the correct answer is D.
15.
一个扫描码由 的方格组成,其中一些小方格涂成黑色,其余涂成白色。在这个 个小方格的网格中,必须至少有一个小方格为每种颜色。如果把整个正方形绕中心逆时针旋转 的倍数,或沿连接相对顶点的直线、连接相对边中点的直线反射后,外观都不改变,则称这个扫描码是 对称 的。可能的对称扫描码总数是多少?
A scanning code consists of a grid of squares, with some of its squares colored black and the rest colored white. There must be at least one square of each color in this grid of squares. A scanning code is called symmetric if its look does not change when the entire square is rotated by a multiple of counterclockwise around its center, nor when it is reflected across a line joining opposite corners or a line joining midpoints of opposite sides. What is the total number of possible symmetric scanning codes?
小提示:
所要求的对称性迫使同一旋转-反射轨道中的每个小方格颜色相同
The required symmetries force every square in one rotation-reflection orbit to share a color
大提示:
有 个独立轨道,每个都可自由选黑或白;排除全黑和全白的扫描码
There are independent orbits, each freely black or white; exclude the all-black and all-white codes
解答:
在正方形的对称群作用下, 个方格分成若干轨道,同一轨道中的每个方格必须颜色相同。以中心为原点,给方格坐标 ,其中 。旋转和翻折可以改变坐标符号并交换两个坐标,所以每个轨道都有唯一代表满足 。这样的数对共有 个。每个轨道可选黑色或白色,得到 种着色,但要排除全黑和全白的网格。因此共有 个对称扫描码。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Under the symmetry group of the square, the cells break into orbits, and every cell in an orbit must have the same color. Give a cell coordinates relative to the center, where Rotations and reflections can change signs and interchange the coordinates, so each orbit has one representative with There are such pairs. Each orbit is black or white, giving colorings, but the all-black and all-white grids are excluded. So there are symmetric scanning codes.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
16.
下列哪一项描述了实 -平面中曲线 和 恰好有 个交点时 的取值集合?
Which of the following describes the set of values of for which the curves and in the real -plane intersect at exactly points?
小提示:
由 将 代入圆的方程,得到关于 的二次方程
From substitute into the circle equation to get a quadratic in
大提示:
一个交点是 处的顶点相切;还要两个交点,则需要 有非零实数解。
One intersection is the vertex tangency at two more require to have real nonzero solutions
解答:
将 代入 ,得 ,可分解为 ,所以 或 。它们分别对应 和 。
方程 总是给出单个点 ,即抛物线的顶点。方程 恰好在 ,即 时给出另外两个点。因此恰好有 个交点当且仅当 。
所以正确答案是 E。
Substituting into gives which factors as so or These correspond to and
The equation always gives the single point the vertex of the parabola. The equation gives two more points exactly when i.e. So there are intersection points precisely when
Thus, the correct answer is E.
17.
Farmer Pythagoras 有一块直角三角形田地。这个直角三角形的两条直角边长分别为 和 个单位。在两边相交的直角角落里,他留下一小块未种植的正方形 ,使得从空中看像直角标记。田地其余部分都已种植。 到斜边的最短距离是 个单位。田地中已种植的部分占多少比例?
Farmer Pythagoras has a field in the shape of a right triangle. The right triangle’s legs have lengths of and units. In the corner where those sides meet at a right angle, he leaves a small unplanted square so that from the air it looks like the right angle symbol. The rest of the field is planted. The shortest distance from to the hypotenuse is units. What fraction of the field is planted?
小提示:
把直角放在原点,使斜边为直线 。
Put the right angle at the origin so the hypotenuse is the line
大提示:
正方形远角 到该直线的距离为 ;解 并保留有效根
The far corner of the square is distance from that line; solve and keep the valid root
解答:
将直角放在原点,两条直角边沿坐标轴,则顶点为 、、,正方形 为 。斜边是 ,它到正方形最近的角 的距离满足 这给出 或 ;只有 能使正方形留在三角形内部。
田地面积为 ,未种植正方形面积为 。 已种植比例为
所以正确答案是 D。
Place the right angle at the origin with legs on the axes, so the vertices are and the square is The hypotenuse is and the distance from its nearest corner is This gives or only keeps the square inside the triangle.
The field has area and the unplanted square has area The planted fraction is
Thus, the correct answer is D.
18.
三角形 中,、,面积为 。设 为 的中点, 为 的中点。 的角平分线分别在 和 处与 和 相交。四边形 的面积是多少?
Triangle with and has area Let be the midpoint of and let be the midpoint of The angle bisector of intersects and at and respectively. What is the area of quadrilateral
小提示:
因为 是中点,,所以梯形 是剩下的 。
Since are midpoints, so trapezoid is the remaining
大提示:
由角平分线定理,角平分线按 的比例截 和 ,使 等于 的 。
By the Angle Bisector Theorem the bisector cuts and in ratio making equal to of
解答:
因为 和 是中点, 的面积是 面积的 即 ,所以梯形 的面积为 。
由角平分线定理, 将 分成 ,同样 将 分成 。因为 和 高相同, 的面积是 面积的 ,即 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Since and are midpoints, has the area of namely so trapezoid has area
By the Angle Bisector Theorem, divides with and likewise divides so that Because and share the same height, the area of is of the area of
Thus, the correct answer is D.
19.
设 为质因数只有 、 或 的正整数集合。所有 中元素倒数的无穷和 可表示为 ,其中 和 是互质的正整数。 是多少?
Let be the set of positive integers that have no prime factors other than or The infinite sum of the reciprocals of all the elements of can be expressed as where and are relatively prime positive integers. What is
小提示:
每个元素都是 ,所以这个和可分解为三个独立等比级数的乘积
Every element is so the sum factors as a product of three separate geometric series
大提示:
计算 并化简
Evaluate and reduce the result
解答:
中每个元素都可唯一写成 ,其中 ,所以所有倒数的和可分解为 这等于 。因为 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Each element of is uniquely with so summing all reciprocals factors as This equals With
Thus, the correct answer is C.
20.
三角形 是等腰直角三角形,且 。设 为斜边 的中点。点 和 分别在边 和 上,使得 ,并且 是圆内接四边形。已知三角形 的面积为 ,则长度 可写成 ,其中 、 和 是正整数,且 不被任何质数的平方整除。 的值是多少?
Triangle is an isosceles right triangle with Let be the midpoint of hypotenuse Points and lie on sides and respectively, so that and is a cyclic quadrilateral. Given that triangle has area the length can be written as where and are positive integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is the value of
小提示:
因为 是圆内接四边形且 ,对角 也成立
Because is cyclic and the opposite angle as well
大提示:
令 ,,对 使用余弦定理(底角为 ),再用面积 ,和关系 。
With use the Law of Cosines for (base angles ), the area and the relation
解答:
因为 是等腰直角三角形,,且 处的底角为 。由于 是圆内接四边形且 处是直角,角 。令 ,。在 中由余弦定理, 同理,。
对直角三角形 和 使用勾股定理,得到 ,化简为 。面积条件 表示 。代入 后,,所以 ,因而 ,即 。
因为 迫使 , 所以取较小根 。 于是 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Since is an isosceles right triangle, and the base angles at are As is cyclic with right angle at angle Let and By the Law of Cosines in and similarly
The Pythagorean Theorem in right triangles and gives which simplifies to The area condition means Substituting makes so hence i.e.
Since forces we take the smaller root Then
Thus, the correct answer is D.
21.
下列哪个多项式有最大的实根?
Which of the following polynomials has the greatest real root?
小提示:
由笛卡尔符号法则,每个多项式恰有一个实根,且它位于
By Descartes’ Rule of Signs each polynomial has exactly one real root, and it lies in
大提示:
在 上,取值较大的多项式有较小的根;注意那里 且 。
On a polynomial with larger values has a smaller root; note and there
解答:
选项 A-D 中每个多项式都没有正根,且恰有一个负根,位于 (在 处为正,在 处为负),并且在该区间递增。在区间 上, 且 。因此在这个区间的每一点上,A、C、D 的取值都大于 B,于是它们与 的交点都比 B 更靠左。所以在 A 到 D 中,B 的根最大。
一次的选项 E 的根为 。因为 ,所以 。由于选项 B 的多项式单调递增,且在 处取负值,它的根在 E 的根的右侧。因此 B 的实根最大。
所以正确答案是 B。
Each polynomial in choices A–D has no positive root and exactly one negative root, which lies in (it is positive at and negative at ) and is increasing there. On the interval and Thus each of A, C, and D has a larger value than B at every point of this interval, so each crosses to the left of B. Therefore B has the greatest root among A–D.
The linear choice E has root Since we have Because B is increasing and is negative at its root lies to the right of E’s. Hence B has the greatest real root.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
22.
方程 和 的解(其中 )在复平面中构成一个平行四边形的顶点。这个平行四边形的面积可写成 ,其中 、、 和 是正整数,且 和 都不被任何质数的平方整除。 是多少?
The solutions to the equations and where form the vertices of a parallelogram in the complex plane. The area of this parallelogram can be written in the form where and are positive integers and neither nor is divisible by the square of any prime number. What is
小提示:
写 ,通过比较实部和虚部解 ;另一个方程也同样处理
Solve by writing and matching real and imaginary parts; do the same for the other equation
大提示:
四个顶点是 和 ;对它们的坐标使用鞋带公式
The four vertices are and apply the shoelace formula to their coordinates
解答:
写 ,由 得 和 。因此 ,即 ,得 ,。第一个方程给出的顶点为 。对 用同样方法得到 。
对 ,,, 使用鞋带公式,面积为 。因此 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Writing with gives and Then so yielding The vertices from the first equation are The same method on gives
Applying the shoelace formula to gives area Thus
Thus, the correct answer is A.
23.
在 中,,,且 。点 和 分别在边 和 上,使得 。设 和 分别为线段 和 的中点。直线 和 所成锐角的度数是多少?
In and Points and lie on sides and respectively, so that Let and be the midpoints of segments and respectively. What is the degree measure of the acute angle formed by lines and
小提示:
延长 到 ,使 ;则 是平行四边形,所以 且 。
Extend to with then is a parallelogram, so and
大提示:
三角形 是等腰三角形,且 是三角形 的中位线,所以 。
Triangle is isosceles, and is a midline of triangle so
解答:
将 经过 延长到 ,使 。 因为 是 和 的中点,四边形 是平行四边形,所以 且 。 因此 , 等腰三角形 给出 。
因为 是中点, 是 的中位线,所以 ,并且 因此直线 和 所成锐角为 。
所以正确答案是 E。
Extend through to with Since is the midpoint of and of the quadrilateral is a parallelogram, so and Then and the isosceles triangle gives
Because are midpoints, is a midline of so and The acute angle between line and is therefore
Thus, the correct answer is E.
24.
Alice、Bob 和 Carol 玩一个游戏,每人选择一个介于 和 之间的实数。游戏获胜者是其数字位于另外两名玩家所选数字之间的人。Alice 宣布她会在 和 之间的所有数中均匀随机选择一个数,Bob 宣布他会在 和 之间的所有数中均匀随机选择一个数。在知道这些信息后,Carol 应该选择什么数来最大化她获胜的概率?
Alice, Bob, and Carol play a game in which each of them chooses a real number between and The winner of the game is the one whose number is between the numbers chosen by the other two players. Alice announces that she will choose her number uniformly at random from all the numbers between and and Bob announces that he will choose his number uniformly at random from all the numbers between and Armed with this information, what number should Carol choose to maximize her chance of winning?
小提示:
按 Carol 的数 相对于 和 的位置分类;当 时她有两种获胜方式
Split into cases by where Carol’s number sits relative to and for she can win in two ways
大提示:
在中间区间内,她的获胜概率是 ;在顶点 处最大化这个开口向下的二次式
In that middle range her win probability is maximize this downward quadratic at its vertex
解答:
若 ,Carol 一定小于 Bob,所以她只有在 Alice 小于 时获胜,概率为 。若 ,她获胜的概率为 。这两种情况都不超过 。
对于 ,Bob 的数大于 的概率是 ,所以 Carol 大于 Alice 且小于 Bob 的概率是 ;反向排序的概率是 。相加得 这个开口向下的抛物线在 处取到最大值,该点位于 内,且最大值超过 。
所以正确答案是 B。
If Carol beats Bob automatically, so she wins only if Alice is below probability If she wins with probability Neither case exceeds
For the chance Bob’s number exceeds is so the probability Carol is above Alice and below Bob is the reverse ordering has probability Adding, This downward parabola is maximized at which lies in and its value exceeds
Thus, the correct answer is B.
25.
对于正整数 和非零数字 、、,设 为一个 位整数,其每一位都等于 ;设 为一个 位整数,其每一位都等于 ;设 为一个 位(而不是 位)整数,其每一位都等于 。若存在至少两个 的取值使 ,则 的最大可能值是多少?
For a positive integer and nonzero digits and let be the -digit integer each of whose digits is equal to let be the -digit integer each of whose digits is equal to and let be the -digit (not -digit) integer each of whose digits is equal to What is the greatest possible value of for which there are at least two values of such that
小提示:
写 ,同样写出 ,且 ,再代入 。
Write and likewise and then substitute into
大提示:
要对两个 的取值成立,迫使 的系数为零: 且 。
Requiring it for two values of forces the coefficient of to vanish: and
解答:
利用 、 以及 ,方程 在除以 并清分母后变为 若它要对两个不同的 成立,则 的系数必须为零,所以 ,进而 。
于是 且 。 因此 ,对应 和 ; 情况 不是一个数字。有效三元组为 和 , 而且确实有 。 较大的数字和为 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Using and the equation becomes, after dividing by and clearing fractions, For this to hold at two different the coefficient of must be zero, so and hence
Then and So with and the case is not a digit. The valid triples are and and indeed The greater digit sum is
Thus, the correct answer is D.