2016 AMC 12B 第 20 题

先试着解答 2016 AMC 12B 第 20 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2016 AMC 12B 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

20.

若干支队伍进行循环赛,每队与其他每队恰好比赛一次。每队赢 1010 场、输 1010 场,没有平局。有多少组三支队伍 {A,B,C}\{A,B,C\},满足 AA 击败 BB,BB 击败 CC,且 CC 击败 AA?
A set of teams held a round-robin tournament in which every team played every other team exactly once. Every team won 1010 games and lost 1010 games; there were no ties. How many sets of three teams {A,B,C}\{A,B,C\} were there in which AA beat B,B, BB beat C,C, and CC beat A?A?
385385
665665
945945
11401140
13301330
答案:A
知识点:图论补集计数组合
小提示:
每队与 2020 个对手比赛,所以共有 2121 支队伍,三队组总数为 (213)=1330\binom{21}{3}=1330。
Each team plays 2020 others, so there are 2121 teams and (213)=1330\binom{21}{3}=1330 triples in all
大提示:
非循环的三队组恰有一支队伍击败另外两支;数出这些并从总数中减去。
A non-cyclic triple has exactly one team that beats the other two; count those and subtract from the total
解答:
因为每队赢 1010 场、输 1010 场,所以共有 2121 支队伍,三队组总数为 (213)=1330\binom{21}{3}=1330。一个三队组不是循环关系,当且仅当其中某一队击败另外两队。选定这支胜队有 2121 种方式,再从被它击败的 1010 支队伍中选出 22 支,所以非循环三队组共有 21⋅(102)=21⋅45=94521\cdot\binom{10}{2}=21\cdot45=945 个。因此循环三队组共有 1330−945=3851330-945=385 个。
所以正确答案是 A。
Since each team won 1010 and lost 10,10, there are 2121 teams and (213)=1330\binom{21}{3}=1330 triples. A triple is not cyclic exactly when one team beats both others. Choosing that team (2121 ways) and 22 of the 1010 teams it beat gives 21⋅(102)=21⋅45=94521\cdot\binom{10}{2}=21\cdot45=945 non-cyclic triples. Thus the cyclic triples number 1330−945=385.1330-945=385.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
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