2010 AMC 12B 第 23 题

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23.

首一二次多项式 P(x)P(x)Q(x)Q(x) 满足:P(Q(x))P(Q(x))x=23,21,17x=-23, -21, -1715-15 处为零,且 Q(P(x))Q(P(x))x=59,57,51x=-59, -57, -5149-49 处为零。P(x)P(x)Q(x)Q(x) 的最小值之和是多少?

Monic quadratic polynomials P(x)P(x) and Q(x)Q(x) have the property that P(Q(x))P(Q(x)) has zeros at x=23,21,17,x=-23, -21, -17, and 15,-15, and Q(P(x))Q(P(x)) has zeros at x=59,57,51,x=-59, -57, -51, and 49.-49. What is the sum of the minimum values of P(x)P(x) and Q(x)?Q(x)?

100-100

82-82

73-73

64-64

00

答案:A
知识点:多项式配方法对称性(代数)
难度评级:2420
解答:

如果 PP 只有一个实根,那么 P(Q(x))=0P(Q(x))=0 至多有两个实数解,而不是四个。因此 PP 有两个不同的实根;同理,Q.Q. 也有两个不同的实根。写成 P(x)=(xh1)2k12P(x)=(x-h_1)^2-k_1^2Q(x)=(xh2)2k22,Q(x)=(x-h_2)^2-k_2^2, 其中 k1,k2>0k_1,k_2\gt0,最小值分别为 k12-k_1^2k22.-k_2^2.

方程 P(Q(x))P(Q(x)) 的零点满足 Q(x)=h1±k1;Q(x)=h_1\pm k_1; 四个解关于 h2h_2 对称,所以 h2h_2 是平均数 232117154=19.\tfrac{-23-21-17-15}{4}=-19. 于是 Q(15)Q(17)Q(-15)-Q(-17) =(16k22)(4k22)=(16-k_2^2)-(4-k_2^2) =12,=12, 而这个差等于 2k1,2k_1, 所以 k1=6.k_1=6.

对称地,h1=595751494=54,h_1=\tfrac{-59-57-51-49}{4}=-54,P(49)P(51)P(-49)-P(-51) =(25k12)(9k12)=(25-k_1^2)-(9-k_1^2) =16=2k2,=16=2k_2, 所以 k2=8.k_2=8.

两个最小值之和为 k12k22=3664=100.-k_1^2-k_2^2=-36-64=-100.

因此,正确答案是 A

If PP had only one real root, then P(Q(x))=0P(Q(x))=0 would have at most two real solutions, not four. Thus PP has two distinct real roots, and the same argument applies to Q.Q. Write P(x)=(xh1)2k12P(x)=(x-h_1)^2-k_1^2 and Q(x)=(xh2)2k22,Q(x)=(x-h_2)^2-k_2^2, with k1,k2>0k_1,k_2\gt0 and minimum values k12-k_1^2 and k22.-k_2^2.

The zeros of P(Q(x))P(Q(x)) occur where Q(x)=h1±k1;Q(x)=h_1\pm k_1; their four solutions are symmetric about h2,h_2, so h2h_2 is the average 232117154=19.\tfrac{-23-21-17-15}{4}=-19. Then Q(15)Q(17)Q(-15)-Q(-17) =(16k22)(4k22)=(16-k_2^2)-(4-k_2^2) =12,=12, and this difference equals 2k1,2k_1, so k1=6.k_1=6.

Symmetrically, h1=595751494=54,h_1=\tfrac{-59-57-51-49}{4}=-54, and P(49)P(51)P(-49)-P(-51) =(25k12)(9k12)=(25-k_1^2)-(9-k_1^2) =16=2k2,=16=2k_2, so k2=8.k_2=8.

The sum of the minimum values is k12k22=3664=100.-k_1^2-k_2^2=-36-64=-100.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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