2014 AMC 12A 第 23 题

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所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

23.

分数 1992=0.bn−1bn−2…b2b1b0‾,\dfrac{1}{99^2}=0.\overline{b_{n-1}b_{n-2}\ldots b_2b_1b_0}\text{,} 其中 nn 是循环小数节的长度。求 b0+b1+⋯+bn−1b_0+b_1+\cdots+b_{n-1}。

The fraction 1992=0.bn−1bn−2…b2b1b0‾,\dfrac{1}{99^2}=0.\overline{b_{n-1}b_{n-2}\ldots b_2b_1b_0}, where nn is the length of the period of the repeating decimal expansion. What is the sum b0+b1+⋯+bn−1?b_0+b_1+\cdots+b_{n-1}?

874874

883883

887887

891891

892892

答案:B
知识点:循环小数数字找规律
难度评级:2380
小提示:

因为 1992=19801\dfrac{1}{99^2}=\dfrac{1}{9801},循环节满足 10n−1=9801⋅bn−1…b0‾10^n-1=9801\cdot\overline{b_{n-1}\ldots b_0}。

Since 1992=19801\dfrac{1}{99^2}=\dfrac{1}{9801}, the repeating block satisfies 10n−1=9801⋅bn−1…b0‾10^n-1=9801\cdot\overline{b_{n-1}\ldots b_0}

大提示:

把循环小数按 100100 进制每两位一组分块,并利用 (100−1)−2(100-1)^{-2} 的展开;跟踪进位,直到第一个 100100 进制数字再次出现。

Group the repeating decimal into base-100100 digits and use (100−1)−2;(100-1)^{-2}; follow the carries until the first base-100100 digit repeats

解答:

把循环节按每两位一组读取(即用 100100 进制),19801=1992\dfrac{1}{9801}=\dfrac{1}{99^2} 的展开是 00,01,02,…00,01,02,\ldots,因为 1(100−1)2=∑k≥1k⋅100−k\dfrac{1}{(100-1)^2}=\sum_{k\ge1}k\cdot100^{-k}。令 aja_j 为循环节的第 jj 个 100100 进制数字。将循环节乘以 99299^2,首先得到 a0=99a_0=99。随后的进位给出 a1=97a_1=97,此后不再进位,并依次得到 aj=98−ja_j=98-j,其中 1≤j≤981\le j\le98。下一个数字又是 9999,所以循环节是 00,01,02,…,96,97,9900,01,02,\ldots,96,97,99,其中缺少 9898。

如果从 0000 到 9999 的所有数块都出现,数字和将是 (0+1+⋯+9)⋅20=900(0+1+\cdots+9)\cdot20=900。去掉缺少的 9898 要减去 9+89+8,得到 900−9−8=883900-9-8=883。

因此,正确答案是 B。

Reading the block in pairs of digits (base 100100), 19801=1992\dfrac{1}{9801}=\dfrac{1}{99^2} expands as 00,01,02,…,00,01,02,\ldots, since 1(100−1)2=∑k≥1k⋅100−k.\dfrac{1}{(100-1)^2}=\sum_{k\ge1}k\cdot100^{-k}. Let aja_j be the jjth base-100100 digit of the repeating block. Multiplying the block by 99299^2 shows first that a0=99.a_0=99. The resulting carry gives a1=97,a_1=97, after which there is no carry and successively aj=98−ja_j=98-j for 1≤j≤98.1\le j\le98. The next digit is again 99,99, so the period is 00,01,02,…,96,97,99,00,01,02,\ldots,96,97,99, with 9898 omitted.

If the blocks 0000 through 9999 all appeared, the digit sum would be (0+1+⋯+9)⋅20=900.(0+1+\cdots+9)\cdot20=900. Removing the missing 9898 subtracts 9+8,9+8, giving 900−9−8=883.900-9-8=883.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

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