2010 AMC 12B 第 22 题

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22.

ABCDABCD 是圆内接四边形。ABCDABCD 的边长是互不相同且小于 1515 的整数,并且 BCCD=ABDABC\cdot CD=AB\cdot DABDBD 的最大可能值是多少?

Let ABCDABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral. The side lengths of ABCDABCD are distinct integers less than 1515 such that BCCD=ABDA.BC\cdot CD=AB\cdot DA. What is the largest possible value of BD?BD?

3252\sqrt{\dfrac{325}{2}}

185\sqrt{185}

3892\sqrt{\dfrac{389}{2}}

4252\sqrt{\dfrac{425}{2}}

5332\sqrt{\dfrac{533}{2}}

答案:D
知识点:圆内接四边形托勒密定理最优化
难度评级:2420
小提示:

a=ABa=ABb=BCb=BCc=CDc=CDd=DAd=DAbc=ad=kbc=ad=k;比较面积可得 (ab+cd)AC=2kBD(ab+cd)\cdot AC=2k\cdot BD

Let a=AB,a=AB, b=BC,b=BC, c=CD,c=CD, d=DAd=DA with bc=ad=k;bc=ad=k; comparing areas gives (ab+cd)AC=2kBD(ab+cd)\cdot AC=2k\cdot BD

大提示:

由托勒密定理 ACBD=ac+bdAC\cdot BD=ac+bd,消去 ACACBD2=12(a2+b2+c2+d2)BD^2=\tfrac12(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2)

With Ptolemy’s ACBD=ac+bd,AC\cdot BD=ac+bd, eliminate ACAC to get BD2=12(a2+b2+c2+d2)BD^2=\tfrac12(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2)

解答:

a=ABa=ABb=BCb=BCc=CDc=CDd=DAd=DA,并令 k=bc=adk=bc=ad。用外接圆半径表示各三角形的面积,再利用 [ABC]+[CDA]=[ABC]+[CDA]= [BCD]+[ABD][BCD]+[ABD],可得 (ab+cd)AC=2kBD(ab+cd)\cdot AC=2k\cdot BD

托勒密定理给出 ACBD=ac+bdAC\cdot BD=ac+bd。消去 ACAC,得 BD2=(ac+bd)(ab+cd)2k=12(a2+b2+c2+d2) \begin{aligned} BD^2 &=\frac{(ac+bd)(ab+cd)}{2k} \\ &=\frac12\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right) \end{aligned}\text{。}

四条边是小于 1515 的互异整数,并满足 bc=adbc=ad,所以 11111313 都不能出现(它们都是质数,需要等式另一侧有相应因子)。

如果最大边至多为 1212,因为不能使用 1111,四边平方和至多为 122+102+92+82=38912^2+10^2+9^2+8^2=389

现在设最大边为 1414,其余三边记为 s1>s2>s3s_1\gt s_2\gt s_3。乘积条件必须把 1414s3s_3 配对,所以 14s3=s1s214s_3=s_1s_2。因而 s1,s2s_1,s_2 中一个等于 77。若 s1=7s_1=7,平方和小于 142+72+62+52=30614^2+7^2+6^2+5^2=306。若 s2=7s_2=7,则 s1=2s3s_1=2s_3,最大的可能是 (s1,s2,s3)=(12,7,6)(s_1,s_2,s_3)=(12,7,6)。因此 2BD2=142+122+72+62=425 \begin{aligned} 2BD^2 &=14^2+12^2+7^2+6^2 \\ &=425 \end{aligned}\text{,}所以 BD4252BD\le\sqrt{\dfrac{425}{2}}。边依次为 (a,b,c,d)=(14,12,7,6)(a,b,c,d)=(14,12,7,6) 的圆内接四边形达到等号,此时 bc=ad=84bc=ad=84

因此,正确答案是 D

Let a=AB,a=AB, b=BC,b=BC, c=CD,c=CD, d=DAd=DA and k=bc=ad.k=bc=ad. Writing each triangle’s area in terms of the circumradius and using [ABC]+[CDA]=[ABC]+[CDA]= [BCD]+[ABD][BCD]+[ABD] gives (ab+cd)AC=2kBD.(ab+cd)\cdot AC=2k\cdot BD.

Ptolemy’s theorem gives ACBD=ac+bd.AC\cdot BD=ac+bd. Eliminating AC,AC, BD2=(ac+bd)(ab+cd)2k=12(a2+b2+c2+d2). \begin{aligned} BD^2 &=\frac{(ac+bd)(ab+cd)}{2k} \\ &=\frac12\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\right). \end{aligned}

The sides are distinct integers below 1515 with bc=ad,bc=ad, so neither 1111 nor 1313 can appear (each is prime and would need a matching factor on the other side).

If the largest side is at most 12,12, the four squares sum to at most 122+102+92+82=389,12^2+10^2+9^2+8^2=389, because 1111 is unavailable.

Now suppose the largest side is 14,14, and write the others as s1>s2>s3.s_1\gt s_2\gt s_3. The product condition must pair 1414 with s3,s_3, so 14s3=s1s2.14s_3=s_1s_2. Hence one of s1,s2s_1,s_2 equals 7.7. If s1=7,s_1=7, the sum of squares is less than 142+72+62+52=306.14^2+7^2+6^2+5^2=306. If s2=7,s_2=7, then s1=2s3,s_1=2s_3, so the largest possibility is (s1,s2,s3)=(12,7,6).(s_1,s_2,s_3)=(12,7,6). Thus 2BD2=142+122+72+62=425, \begin{aligned} 2BD^2 &=14^2+12^2+7^2+6^2 \\ &=425, \end{aligned} so BD4252.BD\le\sqrt{\dfrac{425}{2}}. Equality is attained by the cyclic quadrilateral with side order (a,b,c,d)=(14,12,7,6),(a,b,c,d)=(14,12,7,6), for which bc=ad=84.bc=ad=84.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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