2013 AMC 12B 第 22 题

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22.

m>1m \gt 1n>1n \gt 1 为整数。假设下列方程关于 xx 的所有解的乘积

8(lognx)(logmx)7lognx6logmx2013=0 \begin{aligned} &8(\log_n x)(\log_m x) - 7\log_n x \\ &\quad {}- 6\log_m x - 2013 = 0 \end{aligned}

是尽可能小的整数。求 m+nm + n

Let m>1m \gt 1 and n>1n \gt 1 be integers. Suppose that the product of the solutions for xx of the equation

8(lognx)(logmx)7lognx6logmx2013=0 \begin{aligned} &8(\log_n x)(\log_m x) - 7\log_n x \\ &\quad {}- 6\log_m x - 2013 = 0 \end{aligned}

is the smallest possible integer. What is m+n?m + n?

1212

2020

2424

4848

272272

答案:A
知识点:对数韦达定理模运算
难度评级:2400
小提示:

lognx=logxlogn\log_n x = \dfrac{\log x}{\log n},把方程化为关于 logx\log x 的二次方程。

Use lognx=logxlogn\log_n x = \dfrac{\log x}{\log n} to turn the equation into a quadratic in logx\log x

大提示:

根的乘积满足 log(x1x2)\log(x_1 x_2) =18(7logm+6logn)= \tfrac18(7\log m + 6\log n),所以 (x1x2)8=m7n6(x_1 x_2)^8 = m^7 n^6;再使这个整数最小。

The product of the roots satisfies log(x1x2)\log(x_1 x_2) =18(7logm+6logn),= \tfrac18(7\log m + 6\log n), so (x1x2)8=m7n6;(x_1 x_2)^8 = m^7 n^6; minimize this integer

解答:

写作 lognx=logxlogn\log_n x = \tfrac{\log x}{\log n}logmx=logxlogm\log_m x = \tfrac{\log x}{\log m},方程成为关于 logx\log x 的二次方程,其两根之和为 log(x1x2)\log(x_1 x_2) =18(7logm+6logn)= \tfrac18(7\log m + 6\log n)。于是 N8=m7n6N^8=m^7n^6,其中 N=x1x2N=x_1x_2。对每个整除 mnmn 的质数,设它在 m,nm,n 中的指数分别为 a,ba,b。那么 7a+6b0(mod8)7a+6b\equiv0\pmod8aa 为奇数是不可能的。若 a=0a=0,则 bb44 的倍数,这个质数至少贡献 p3p^3,但这时还必须有另一个质数整除 mm。若 a0(mod8)a\equiv0\pmod8 且为正,则它对 NN 的贡献至少是 p7p^7;若 a2(mod8)a\equiv2\pmod8,则 b3(mod4)b\equiv3\pmod4,此时最小的贡献是 p4p^4。其余任何正偶数 aa 的贡献都更大。因此最小值只在 p=2p=2(a,b)=(2,3)(a,b)=(2,3) 时取到,此时 N=16N=16m=4m=4n=8n=8。从而 m+n=12m+n=12。所以正确答案是 A

Writing lognx=logxlogn\log_n x = \tfrac{\log x}{\log n} and logmx=logxlogm,\log_m x = \tfrac{\log x}{\log m}, the equation becomes a quadratic in logx\log x whose roots sum to log(x1x2)\log(x_1 x_2) =18(7logm+6logn).= \tfrac18(7\log m + 6\log n). Hence N8=m7n6,N^8=m^7n^6, where N=x1x2.N=x_1x_2. For each prime dividing mn,mn, let its exponents in m,nm,n be a,b.a,b. Then 7a+6b0(mod8).7a+6b\equiv0\pmod8. An odd aa is impossible. If a=0,a=0, then bb is a multiple of 44 and this prime contributes at least p3,p^3, but some other prime must divide m.m. If a0(mod8)a\equiv0\pmod8 is positive, its contribution to NN is at least p7;p^7; if a2(mod8),a\equiv2\pmod8, then b3(mod4)b\equiv3\pmod4 and the least contribution is p4.p^4. Every other positive even aa gives more. Thus the minimum uses only p=2p=2 with (a,b)=(2,3),(a,b)=(2,3), giving N=16,N=16, m=4,m=4, and n=8.n=8. So m+n=12.m+n=12. Thus, the correct answer is A.

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