2009 AMC 12A 第 23 题

先试着解答 2009 AMC 12A 第 23 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2009 AMC 12A 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

23.

函数 ff 和 gg 都是二次函数,g(x)=−f(100−x)g(x) = -f(100 - x),且 gg 的图像经过 ff 的图像的顶点。这两个图像上的四个 xx 截距按递增顺序的 xx 坐标为 x1x_1,x2x_2,x3x_3,和 x4x_4,且 x3−x2=150x_3 - x_2 = 150。x4−x1x_4 - x_1 的值为 m+npm + n\sqrt{p},其中 mm,nn,和 pp 是正整数,且 pp 不被任何质数的平方整除。求 m+n+pm + n + p?
Functions ff and gg are quadratic, g(x)=−f(100−x),g(x) = -f(100 - x), and the graph of gg contains the vertex of the graph of f.f. The four xx-intercepts on the two graphs have xx-coordinates x1,x_1, x2,x_2, x3,x_3, and x4,x_4, in increasing order, and x3−x2=150.x_3 - x_2 = 150. The value of x4−x1x_4 - x_1 is m+np,m + n\sqrt{p}, where m,m, n,n, and pp are positive integers, and pp is not divisible by the square of any prime. What is m+n+p?m + n + p?
602602
652652
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752752
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答案:D
知识点:二次方程抛物线对称性
小提示:
映射 (x,y)↦(100−x,−y)(x, y) \mapsto (100 - x, -y) 是绕 (50,0)(50, 0) 旋转 180∘180^\circ,它把 ff 的图像变为 gg 的图像。
The map (x,y)↦(100−x,−y)(x, y) \mapsto (100 - x, -y) is a 180∘180^\circ rotation about (50,0)(50, 0) that sends the graph of ff to the graph of gg
大提示:
因此根配对为 x2+x3=x1+x4=100x_2 + x_3 = x_1 + x_4 = 100;结合 x3−x2=150x_3 - x_2 = 150,求出 x2,x3x_2, x_3,再使用顶点条件。
So the roots pair as x2+x3=x1+x4=100;x_2 + x_3 = x_1 + x_4 = 100; with x3−x2=150,x_3 - x_2 = 150, find x2,x3x_2, x_3 and use the vertex condition
解答:
因为 g(x)=−f(100−x)g(x) = -f(100 - x),ff 和 gg 的图像关于点 (50,0)(50, 0) 互为中心对称,所以四个截距成对满足 x2+x3=x1+x4=100x_2 + x_3 = x_1 + x_4 = 100。
由 x3−x2=150x_3 - x_2 = 150,得 x2=−25x_2 = -25 且 x3=125x_3 = 125。
取 x1,x3x_1, x_3 为 ff 的两个根,其顶点的 xx 坐标为 h=x1+x32h = \dfrac{x_1 + x_3}{2},所以 x1=2h−125x_1 = 2h - 125。ff 的顶点落在 gg 的图像上,这一条件给出 1=f(h)g(h)=(125−h)(h−125)−(h+25)(3h−225), \begin{aligned} 1 &= \frac{f(h)}{g(h)} \\ &= \frac{(125 - h)(h - 125)}{-(h + 25)(3h - 225)} \end{aligned}\text{,} 由此解得 h=−25±752h = -25 \pm 75\sqrt{2}。由于 x1=2h−125x_1 = 2h-125 必须小于 x2=−25x_2=-25,需要 h<50h \lt 50,所以 h=−25−752h = -25-75\sqrt{2}。
又 x4=100−x1x_4 = 100 - x_1,所以 x4−x1=350−4h=450+3002。 \begin{aligned} x_4 - x_1 &= 350 - 4h \\ &= 450 + 300\sqrt{2} \end{aligned}\text{。} 因而 m+n+p=450+300+2m + n + p = 450 + 300 + 2 =752= 752。
因此,正确答案是 D。
Because g(x)=−f(100−x),g(x) = -f(100 - x), the graphs of ff and gg are reflections of each other through the point (50,0),(50, 0), so the four intercepts pair up with x2+x3=x1+x4=100.x_2 + x_3 = x_1 + x_4 = 100.
With x3−x2=150,x_3 - x_2 = 150, we get x2=−25x_2 = -25 and x3=125.x_3 = 125.
Take x1,x3x_1, x_3 as the roots of f,f, whose vertex has xx-coordinate h=x1+x32,h = \dfrac{x_1 + x_3}{2}, so x1=2h−125.x_1 = 2h - 125. The condition that the vertex of ff lies on the graph of gg gives 1=f(h)g(h)=(125−h)(h−125)−(h+25)(3h−225), \begin{aligned} 1 &= \frac{f(h)}{g(h)} \\ &= \frac{(125 - h)(h - 125)}{-(h + 25)(3h - 225)}, \end{aligned} which gives h=−25±752.h = -25 \pm 75\sqrt{2}. Since x1=2h−125x_1 = 2h-125 must be less than x2=−25,x_2=-25, we need h<50,h \lt 50, so h=−25−752.h = -25-75\sqrt{2}.
Then x4=100−x1,x_4 = 100 - x_1, so x4−x1=350−4h=450+3002. \begin{aligned} x_4 - x_1 &= 350 - 4h \\ &= 450 + 300\sqrt{2}. \end{aligned} Hence m+n+p=450+300+2m + n + p = 450 + 300 + 2 =752.= 752.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
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