2005 AMC 12B 第 18 题

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18.

A(2,2)A(2, 2)B(7,7)B(7, 7) 是平面上的点。令 RR 为第一象限中所有点 CC 组成的区域,使得 ABC\triangle ABC 是锐角三角形。区域 RR 的面积最接近哪个整数?

Let A(2,2)A(2, 2) and B(7,7)B(7, 7) be points in the plane. Define RR as the region in the first quadrant consisting of those points CC such that ABC\triangle ABC is an acute triangle. What is the closest integer to the area of the region R?R?

2525

3939

5151

6060

8080

答案:C
知识点:坐标几何面积分割
难度评级:1990
解答:

直线 ABAB 的斜率为 11。要使 A\angle A 为锐角,CC 必须在过 AA 且垂直于 ABAB 的直线远侧;在第一象限中,这条线连接 P(4,0)P(4, 0)Q(0,4)Q(0, 4)。要使 B\angle B 为锐角,CC 必须在过 BB 且垂直于 ABAB 的直线近侧,这条线连接 S(14,0)S(14, 0)T(0,14)T(0, 14)

为了使 C\angle C 为锐角,CC 必须在以 ABAB 为直径的圆 UU 外,其半径为 AB2=522\dfrac{AB}{2} = \dfrac{5\sqrt2}{2}

所求区域是大直角三角形 OSTOST 减去小直角三角形 OPQOPQ,再减去条带内整个圆 UU 的面积: 121421242π(522)2=98825π2=9025π251. \begin{aligned} &\dfrac12 \cdot 14^2 - \dfrac12 \cdot 4^2 \\ &\quad {}- \pi\left(\dfrac{5\sqrt2}{2}\right)^2 \\ &= 98 - 8 - \dfrac{25\pi}{2} \\ &= 90 - \dfrac{25\pi}{2} \approx 51. \end{aligned}

所以正确答案是 C

Line ABAB has slope 1.1. For A\angle A to be acute, CC must lie beyond the line through AA perpendicular to AB;AB; in the first quadrant that line runs between P(4,0)P(4, 0) and Q(0,4).Q(0, 4). For B\angle B to be acute, CC must lie before the line through BB perpendicular to AB,AB, between S(14,0)S(14, 0) and T(0,14).T(0, 14).

For C\angle C to be acute, CC must lie outside the circle UU with diameter AB,AB, whose radius is AB2=522.\dfrac{AB}{2} = \dfrac{5\sqrt2}{2}.

The circle lies entirely inside this strip and in the first quadrant. Thus the region is the large right triangle OSTOST minus the small right triangle OPQOPQ and the full circle U:U: 121421242π(522)2=98825π2=9025π251. \begin{aligned} &\dfrac12 \cdot 14^2 - \dfrac12 \cdot 4^2 \\ &\quad {}- \pi\left(\dfrac{5\sqrt2}{2}\right)^2 \\ &= 98 - 8 - \dfrac{25\pi}{2} \\ &= 90 - \dfrac{25\pi}{2} \approx 51. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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