2005 AMC 12A 第 20 题

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20.

xx 取遍 [0,1][0, 1],并定义 令 f[2](x)=f(f(x))f^{[2]}(x) = f(f(x)),再令 f[n+1](x)=f[n](f(x))f^{[n+1]}(x) = f^{[n]}(f(x)),其中 n2n \ge 2 为整数。有多少个 xx[0,1][0, 1] 中满足 f[2005](x)=12f^{[2005]}(x) = \tfrac{1}{2}f(x)={2x,0x12,22x,12<x1. f(x) = \begin{cases} 2x, & 0 \le x \le \tfrac{1}{2},\\ 2 - 2x, & \tfrac{1}{2} \lt x \le 1. \end{cases}

For each xx in [0,1],[0, 1], define f(x)={2x,0x12,22x,12<x1. f(x) = \begin{cases} 2x, & 0 \le x \le \tfrac{1}{2},\\ 2 - 2x, & \tfrac{1}{2} \lt x \le 1. \end{cases} Let f[2](x)=f(f(x)),f^{[2]}(x) = f(f(x)), and f[n+1](x)=f[n](f(x))f^{[n+1]}(x) = f^{[n]}(f(x)) for each integer n2.n \ge 2. For how many values of xx in [0,1][0, 1] is f[2005](x)=12?f^{[2005]}(x) = \tfrac{1}{2}?

00

20052005

40104010

200522005^2

220052^{2005}

答案:E
知识点:函数递推
难度评级:2330
解答:

g(n)g(n) 表示方程 f[n](x)=12f^{[n]}(x) = \tfrac{1}{2}[0,1][0, 1] 中的解数。由于 ff 把两个半区间 [0,12][0, \tfrac12][12,1][\tfrac12, 1] 都映到整个 [0,1][0, 1],所以 f[n1](y)=12f^{[n-1]}(y) = \tfrac12 的每个解都来自两个 xx 值。

边界值 x=12x = \tfrac12 满足 f[n](12)=f[n1](1)=012f^{[n]}(\tfrac12) = f^{[n-1]}(1) = 0 \ne \tfrac12,不会造成解的重合或丢失,因此 g(n)=2g(n1)g(n) = 2\,g(n-1)

由于 g(1)=2g(1) = 2,可得 g(2005)=22005g(2005) = 2^{2005}

所以正确答案是 E

Let g(n)g(n) count the solutions of f[n](x)=12f^{[n]}(x) = \tfrac{1}{2} in [0,1].[0, 1]. Since ff maps each of the two halves [0,12][0, \tfrac12] and [12,1][\tfrac12, 1] onto all of [0,1],[0, 1], every solution of f[n1](y)=12f^{[n-1]}(y) = \tfrac12 comes from two values of xx (one in each half).

The boundary value x=12x = \tfrac12 satisfies f[n](12)=f[n1](1)=012,f^{[n]}(\tfrac12) = f^{[n-1]}(1) = 0 \ne \tfrac12, so no solutions are lost, giving g(n)=2g(n1).g(n) = 2\,g(n-1).

Since g(1)=2,g(1) = 2, we conclude g(2005)=22005.g(2005) = 2^{2005}.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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