2002 AMC 12B 第 18 题

先试着解答 2002 AMC 12B 第 18 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2002 AMC 12B 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

18.

从顶点为 (0,0)(0,0)、(2,0)(2,0)、(2,1)(2,1)、(0,1)(0,1) 的矩形区域中随机选一点 PP。点 PP 到原点的距离比到点 (3,1)(3,1) 的距离更近的概率是多少?
A point PP is randomly selected from the rectangular region with vertices (0,0),(0,0), (2,0),(2,0), (2,1),(2,1), (0,1).(0,1). What is the probability that PP is closer to the origin than it is to the point (3,1)?(3,1)?
12\dfrac{1}{2}
23\dfrac{2}{3}
34\dfrac{3}{4}
45\dfrac{4}{5}
11
答案:C
知识点:几何概率垂直平分线梯形
小提示:
点 PP 更靠近原点时,它位于从 (0,0)(0,0) 到 (3,1)(3,1) 这条线段的垂直平分线的一侧。
PP is closer to the origin on one side of the perpendicular bisector of the segment from (0,0)(0,0) to (3,1)(3,1)
大提示:
这条垂直平分线是 3x+y=53x+y=5;求矩形中位于原点一侧的面积,再除以总面积。
That bisector is the line 3x+y=53x+y=5; find the area of the rectangle on the origin side and divide by the total area
解答:
到 (0,0)(0,0) 比到 (3,1)(3,1) 更近的点位于这两点连线垂直平分线的原点一侧,该垂直平分线为 3x+y=53x+y=5。
在矩形中,这一区域是一个梯形,其平行边长分别为 53\dfrac53(在 y=0y=0 处)和 43\dfrac43(在 y=1y=1 处),面积为 12(53+43)=32\dfrac12\left(\dfrac53+\dfrac43\right)=\dfrac32。矩形面积为 22,所以概率是 322=34\dfrac{\frac{3}{2}}{2}=\dfrac34。
所以正确答案是 C。
The points closer to (0,0)(0,0) than to (3,1)(3,1) lie on the origin side of the perpendicular bisector of that segment, the line 3x+y=5.3x+y=5.
Within the rectangle, this region is a trapezoid whose parallel sides have lengths 53\dfrac53 (at y=0y=0) and 43\dfrac43 (at y=1y=1), so its area is 12(53+43)=32.\dfrac12\left(\dfrac53+\dfrac43\right)=\dfrac32. The rectangle has area 2,2, so the probability is 322=34.\dfrac{\frac{3}{2}}{2}=\dfrac34.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
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