2002 AMC 12B 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
集合 、、、、、 中九个数的算术平均数是一个 位数 ,且 的所有数字互不相同。这个数不含哪个数字?
The arithmetic mean of the nine numbers in the set is a -digit number all of whose digits are distinct. The number does not contain the digit
小提示:
平均数是 。
The mean is
大提示:
每一项除以 后,和变成 ;把它们相加,看哪个数字没有出现。
Dividing each term by turns the sum into ; add these and see which digit never appears
解答:
这九个数分别是 ,所以它们的和为 。把这个和除以 得到 M: 它的数字是 到 ,因此缺少的数字是 。
所以正确答案是 A。
Each of the nine numbers is so their sum is Dividing by Its digits are through so the missing digit is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
2.
3.
有多少个正整数 使 是质数?
For how many positive integers is a prime number?
没有
none
一个
one
两个
two
多于两个,但有限多个
more than two, but finitely many
无限多个
infinitely many
小提示:
分解 。
Factor
大提示:
是两个整数的乘积;若它是质数,其中一个因数必须等于 。
is a product of two integers; for it to be prime one factor must equal
解答:
分解得 。当 时,两个因数都大于 ,所以结果是合数。检查 分别得到 、、。只有 产生质数,因此这样的 恰有一个。
所以正确答案是 B。
Factor For both factors exceed so the value is composite. Checking gives and Only yields a prime, so there is exactly one such
Thus, the correct answer is B.
4.
设 为正整数,且 是整数。下列哪一个说法不正确?
Let be a positive integer such that is an integer. Which of the following statements is not true:
整除
divides
整除
divides
整除
divides
整除
divides
小提示:
。
大提示:
整个和严格在 和 之间,所以它必须等于 ;解出 。
The whole sum lies strictly between and so it must equal ; solve for
解答:
因为 ,所以和 严格在 和 之间,作为整数只能是 。于是 得到 。
现在 、、、 都整除 ,但 是假的。因此不正确的说法是 。
所以正确答案是 E。
Since the sum lies strictly between and so it must equal Then giving
Now and all divide but is false. The untrue statement is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
5.
设 、、、、 是一个五边形五个角的度数。已知 ,且 、、、、 构成等差数列。求 。
Let and be the degree measures of the five angles of a pentagon. Suppose and form an arithmetic sequence. Find the value of
6.
设 和 是非零实数,并且方程 的两个解是 和 ,则有序对 是
Suppose that and are nonzero real numbers, and that the equation has solutions and Then the pair is
小提示:
如果 和 是根,则 。
If and are the roots, then
大提示:
比较系数: 且 ,并使用 。
Match coefficients: and using
解答:
因为 和 是根, 比较系数得 且 。
由于 ,第二个方程给出 ,再由 得 。所以 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Since and are the roots, Matching coefficients gives and
As the second equation gives and then gives So
Thus, the correct answer is C.
7.
三个连续正整数的乘积等于它们的和的 倍。它们的平方和是多少?
The product of three consecutive positive integers is times their sum. What is the sum of their squares?
小提示:
设三个整数为 ,,;它们的乘积是 ,和是 。
Call the integers ; their product is and their sum is
大提示:
,先求 ,再计算 。
so find and then compute
解答:
设三个整数为 、、。由条件可得 ,所以 ,进而 。
三个整数是 、、,平方和为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let the integers be Then so and
The three integers have squares summing to
Thus, the correct answer is B.
8.
假设某年 的七月有五个星期一。下列哪一天在该年 的八月一定出现五次?(注意:这两个月都有 天。)
Suppose July of year has five Mondays. Which of the following must occur five times in August of year (Note: Both months have days.)
星期一
Monday
星期二
Tuesday
星期三
Wednesday
星期四
Thursday
星期五
Friday
小提示:
一个 天的月份中, 日的星期以及接下来两天的星期会出现五次,所以七月 、、 日之一是星期一。
With days, the weekday of July is the one that repeats five times, so Monday is July or
大提示:
八月 日比七月 日晚三天;检查三种情况,找出八月中共同出现五次的星期。
August falls three weekdays after July ; test the three cases and find the August weekday common to all
解答:
七月有 天,所以七月 日的星期会出现五次;既然星期一出现五次,星期一必在七月 、 或 日之一。八月中出现五次的是八月 、、 日的星期,而八月 日比七月 日晚三天。
检查三种情况,八月出现五次的星期分别是星期四、星期五、星期六;星期三、星期四、星期五;以及星期二、星期三、星期四。
每种情况都包含星期四,所以正确答案是 D。
Since July has days, the weekday of July occurs five times, so Monday falls on July or The days that occur five times in August are those of August and August is three weekdays after July
Testing the three cases, the August weekdays occurring five times are Thursday through Saturday, Wednesday through Friday, and Tuesday through Thursday. Thursday appears in every case.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
9.
若 、、、 是正实数,且 、、、 构成递增等差数列,同时 、、 构成等比数列,则 等于多少?
If are positive real numbers such that form an increasing arithmetic sequence and form a geometric sequence, then is
10.
有多少个不同的整数可以表示为集合 中三个不同元素的和?
How many different integers can be expressed as the sum of three distinct members of the set
小提示:
每个元素都比 的倍数多一,所以任意三个元素的和都是 的倍数
Every element is one more than a multiple of so each three-element sum is a multiple of
大提示:
从最小和 到最大和 数一数其中 的倍数。
Count the multiples of from the smallest sum to the largest sum
解答:
每个元素都比 的倍数多一,所以任意三个元素的和都是 的倍数。最小和为 ,最大和为 ,并且中间每个 的倍数都可以取得。
从 到 共有 个 的倍数。
所以正确答案是 A。
Every element is one more than a multiple of so any sum of three of them is a multiple of The smallest sum is and the largest is and every multiple of between them is attainable.
There are multiples of from to
Thus, the correct answer is A.
11.
正整数 、、、 全都是质数。这四个质数的和是
The positive integers and are all prime numbers. The sum of these four primes is
偶数
even
能被 整除
divisible by
能被 整除
divisible by
能被 整除
divisible by
质数
prime
小提示:
和 奇偶性相同,且二者都是质数,所以二者都是奇数。
and have the same parity, and both are prime, so both are odd
大提示:
于是 ,使 、、 成为三个成等差数列的质数。
Then making three primes in arithmetic progression
解答:
和 奇偶性相同;因为两者都是质数,所以都是奇数,故 与 奇偶性相反。若 为偶数,则质数 必须等于 ,但正质数 满足 ,从而 。因此 是奇数,偶质数 为 。
于是 ,,和 是三个质数。其中一个能被 整除,所以它必须等于 ;这三个数是 ,,和 。它们再加上 的和为 ,也是质数。
所以正确答案是 E。
and have the same parity; being prime, both are odd, so and have opposite parity. If were even, then the prime would equal but the positive prime would satisfy and make Hence is odd and the even prime is
Then are three primes. One is divisible by so that one must equal the triple is Their sum together with is a prime.
Thus, the correct answer is E.
12.
有多少个整数 使 是某个整数的平方?
For how many integers is the square of an integer?
小提示:
令 ,并用 表示 。
Set and solve for in terms of
大提示:
;因为 ,所以 必须整除 。
; since must divide
解答:
令 。解得 。因为 和 互质,所以 必须整除 ,这只在 时发生。
的正负不改变 ;这些值给出 ,,,和 ,共四个值。
所以正确答案是 D。
Set Solving, Since and are coprime, must divide which happens only for
The signs of do not change these give and which is four values.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
13.
个连续正整数的和是一个完全平方数。这个和的最小可能值是
The sum of consecutive positive integers is a perfect square. The smallest possible value of this sum is
小提示:
,, 的和等于 。
The sum of equals
大提示:
因为 已经是平方数, 必须是奇完全平方数;取最小的可行值。
Since is already a square, must be an odd perfect square; take the smallest valid one
解答:
、、 的和为 。因为 已经是平方数,所以 也必须是完全平方数。
使 成为完全平方数的最小正整数 是 ,此时 ,和为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
The sum of is Since is a perfect square, must be one too.
The smallest positive integer making a perfect square is giving and a sum of
Thus, the correct answer is B.
14.
平面上画出四个不同的圆。至少两个圆相交的点最多有多少个?
Four distinct circles are drawn in a plane. What is the maximum number of points where at least two of the circles intersect?
小提示:
两个不同的圆最多相交于 个点。
Two distinct circles meet in at most points
大提示:
四个圆有 对;再乘以 。
There are pairs of circles; multiply by
解答:
每一对圆最多有 个交点,而四个圆共有 对,因此最多有 个交点。
取四个位置一般的圆,使每一对圆都相交两次,且没有三个圆经过同一点,就能达到这个上界。
所以正确答案是 D。
Each pair of circles meets in at most points, and there are pairs, giving at most intersection points.
The bound is attainable by taking four circles in general position so that every pair crosses twice and no three pass through the same point.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
15.
有多少个四位数 满足:删去最左边一位后得到的三位数等于 的九分之一?
How many four-digit numbers have the property that the three-digit number obtained by removing the leftmost digit is one ninth of
小提示:
写成 ,其中 是首位数字, 是后三位组成的数。
Write where is the leading digit and the last three digits
大提示:
给出 ,所以 ;数一数哪些数字 让 仍为三位数。
gives so ; count the digits keeping three digits
解答:
设 是首位数字, 是删去首位后得到的三位数,则 。条件 给出 ,即 。
当 时, 是三位数;而 时 。所以共有 个这样的数。
所以正确答案是 D。
Let be the leading digit and the three-digit number after removing it, so The condition gives i.e.
For this makes a three-digit number, while gives So there are such numbers.
Thus, the correct answer is D.
16.
Juan 掷一枚公平的正八面体骰子,骰面标有 到 。然后 Amal 掷一枚公平的六面骰子。两次点数乘积是 的倍数的概率是多少?
Juan rolls a fair regular octahedral die marked with the numbers through Then Amal rolls a fair six-sided die. What is the probability that the product of the two rolls is a multiple of
小提示:
乘积是 的倍数,当且仅当至少一次掷出 或 。
The product is a multiple of exactly when at least one roll is or
大提示:
用 减去两枚骰子都没有掷出 或 的概率。
Compute minus the probability that neither die shows a or
解答:
乘积是 的倍数,当且仅当至少一枚骰子掷出 或 。八面骰避开 的概率为 ,六面骰避开它们的概率为 。
因此两枚骰子都没有出现 的倍数的概率是 ,所求概率为 。
所以正确答案是 C。
The product is a multiple of if and only if at least one die shows or The octahedral die avoids with probability and the six-sided die avoids them with probability
So neither shows a multiple of with probability and the answer is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
17.
Andy 的草坪面积是 Beth 草坪面积的两倍,也是 Carlos 草坪面积的三倍。Carlos 的割草机速度是 Beth 的一半,也是 Andy 的三分之一。若三人同时开始割各自的草坪,谁会最先完成?
Andy’s lawn has twice as much area as Beth’s lawn and three times as much area as Carlos’ lawn. Carlos’ lawn mower cuts half as fast as Beth’s mower and one third as fast as Andy’s mower. If they all start to mow their lawns at the same time, who will finish first?
Andy
Beth
Carlos
Andy 和 Carlos 并列第一。
Andy and Carlos tie for first.
三人同时完成。
All three tie.
小提示:
设 Andy 的面积为 ;面积分别是 ,,,割草速度分别是 ,,。
Let Andy’s area be ; then the areas are and the mowing rates are
大提示:
时间等于面积除以速度;比较 ,,。
Time equals area divided by rate; compare
解答:
设 Andy 的草坪面积为 ,则 Beth 的面积是 ,Carlos 的面积是 。若 Carlos 的割草速度为 ,则 Beth 的速度为 ,Andy 的速度为 。
三人的用时分别为 、、。其中 最小。
所以 Beth 最先完成,正确答案是 B。
Let Andy’s lawn have area then Beth’s is and Carlos’ is With Carlos’ rate Beth mows at and Andy at
Their times are and respectively. Beth’s time is the smallest, so Beth finishes first.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
18.
从顶点为 、、、 的矩形区域中随机选一点 。点 到原点的距离比到点 的距离更近的概率是多少?
A point is randomly selected from the rectangular region with vertices What is the probability that is closer to the origin than it is to the point
小提示:
点 更靠近原点时,它位于从 到 这条线段的垂直平分线的一侧。
is closer to the origin on one side of the perpendicular bisector of the segment from to
大提示:
这条垂直平分线是 ;求矩形中位于原点一侧的面积,再除以总面积。
That bisector is the line ; find the area of the rectangle on the origin side and divide by the total area
解答:
到 比到 更近的点位于这两点连线垂直平分线的原点一侧,该垂直平分线为 。
在矩形中,这一区域是一个梯形,其平行边长分别为 (在 处)和 (在 处),面积为 。矩形面积为 ,所以概率是 。
所以正确答案是 C。
The points closer to than to lie on the origin side of the perpendicular bisector of that segment, the line
Within the rectangle, this region is a trapezoid whose parallel sides have lengths (at ) and (at ), so its area is The rectangle has area so the probability is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
19.
若正实数 、、 满足 、、且 ,则 等于多少?
If and are positive real numbers such that and then is
小提示:
把三个方程相加,得到 。
Add all three equations to get
大提示:
用这个总和分别减去原来的三个方程,求出 ,,,再相乘并开平方。
Subtract each original equation from that total to find then multiply and take a square root
解答:
三个方程相加得 ,所以 。用它分别减去原来的三个方程,得到 、、。
相乘得 。又因 ,所以 。
所以正确答案是 D。
Adding the three equations gives so Subtracting each original equation from this yields and
Multiplying, and since we get
Thus, the correct answer is D.
20.
设 是直角三角形,且 。设 和 分别是直角边 和 的中点。已知 且 ,求 。
Let be a right-angled triangle with Let and be the midpoints of legs and respectively. Given that and find
小提示:
设 ,;则 ,且 。
Let ; then and
大提示:
把两个方程相加得到 ;注意 。
Add the equations to get ; note that
解答:
设 ,。因为 是中点,得到 ,且 。
两式相加得 ,所以 。于是 。又因为 是连接 、 的中位线,。
所以正确答案是 B。
Let and Since are midpoints, and
Adding, so Then and since is the midsegment joining and we have
Thus, the correct answer is B.
21.
对所有小于 的正整数 ,定义 计算 。
For all positive integers less than let Calculate
小提示:
因为 、、 两两互质,“能被其中两个整除”就等价于能被它们的乘积整除。
Because are pairwise coprime, “divisible by two of them” means divisible by their product
大提示:
数出小于 的 ,, 的倍数;没有小于 的数能同时被三者整除。
Count multiples of below ; no number under is divisible by all three
解答:
因为 ,且 、、 两两互质,所以 当 是 的倍数, 当 是 的倍数, 当 是 的倍数。(没有 能被三者同时整除。)
当 时, 的倍数有 个, 的倍数有 个, 的倍数有 个。所以和为
所以正确答案是 A。
Since with pairwise coprime, when is divisible by when is divisible by and when is divisible by (and no is divisible by all three).
For there are multiples of of and of So the sum is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
22.
对所有大于 的整数 ,定义 设 ,且 ,则 等于
For all integers greater than define Let and Then equals
答案:B
小提示:
。
大提示:
因此 ;化简这个分数。
Then ; simplify the fraction
解答:
由换底公式,。
该分数等于 ,因此 。
所以正确答案是 B。
By change of base, So
The fraction equals so
Thus, the correct answer is B.
23.
在 中,,。边 与从 到 的中线长度相同。求 。
In we have and Side and the median from to have the same length. What is
小提示:
设 是 的中点,,且 。
Let be the midpoint of and
大提示:
分别在 与 中使用余弦定理(角为 与 ),再相加。
Apply the Law of Cosines to and (angles and ) and add
解答:
设 为 的中点,令 ,并设 ,于是 。因 ,故 。在 和 中用余弦定理,得到
两式相加得 ,所以 ,从而 。
所以正确答案是 C。
Let be the midpoint of set and let so With so that the Law of Cosines in and gives
Adding, so and
Thus, the correct answer is C.
24.
面积为 的凸四边形 内有一点 ,满足 、、、且 。求 的周长。
A convex quadrilateral with area contains a point in its interior such that and Find the perimeter of
小提示:
对角线长为 的四边形,面积最多为 ,等号在对角线垂直时成立。
For a quadrilateral with diagonals the area is at most with equality when the diagonals are perpendicular
大提示:
此处 ,迫使对角线垂直并在 相交;用勾股定理求各边。
Here forces perpendicular diagonals meeting at ; find each side with the Pythagorean theorem
解答:
任意四边形的面积不超过 ,其中 为对角线长;等号恰在对角线垂直时成立。这里
因此等号成立,两条对角线垂直并在 相交。于是
周长为 。
所以正确答案是 E。
For any quadrilateral, the area is at most where are the diagonals, with equality exactly when they are perpendicular. Here
Equality forces the diagonals to be perpendicular and to intersect at Then
The perimeter is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
25.
设 ,并设 表示坐标平面中满足 且 的点 的集合。 的面积最接近
Let and let denote the set of points in the coordinate plane such that and The area of is closest to
小提示:
配方可得 。
Complete the square:
大提示:
第一个条件给出半径为 的圆盘;第二个条件 保留其中一半。
The first condition is a disk of radius ; the second, keeps half of it
解答:
配方得 所以第一个条件表示以 为圆心、半径为 的圆盘。
又 因此第二个条件 表示由过 、斜率分别为 和 的两条垂直直线所确定的两个半平面。这些直线把圆盘分成两半。
因此 的面积为 ,最接近 。
所以正确答案是 E。
Completing the square, so the first condition is the disk of radius centered at
Also so the second condition describes two half-planes bounded by the perpendicular lines through of slopes and These cut the disk into two equal halves.
Thus has area which is closest to
Thus, the correct answer is E.