2002 AMC 12A 第 23 题

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23.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,边 AC\overline{AC}BC\overline{BC} 的垂直平分线交于点 DD, 且 BD\overline{BD} 平分 ABC\angle ABCAD=9AD = 9DC=7DC = 7, 求三角形 ABDABD 的面积。

In triangle ABC,ABC, side AC\overline{AC} and the perpendicular bisector of BC\overline{BC} meet in point D,D, and BD\overline{BD} bisects ABC.\angle ABC. If AD=9AD = 9 and DC=7,DC = 7, what is the area of triangle ABD?ABD?

1414

2121

2828

14514\sqrt{5}

28528\sqrt{5}

答案:D
知识点:角平分线定理垂直平分线余弦定理海伦公式
难度评级:2110
解答:

因为 DDBC\overline{BC} 的垂直平分线上,所以 DB=DC=7DB = DC = 7。角平分线 BD\overline{BD} 给出 ABBC=ADDC=97\dfrac{AB}{BC} = \dfrac{AD}{DC} = \dfrac{9}{7},设 AB=9xAB = 9xBC=7xBC = 7x

θ=ABD=DBC\theta = \angle ABD = \angle DBC。 在等腰三角形 BDC\triangle BDC 中,垂足是 BC\overline{BC} 的中点 MM,所以 cosθ=BMBD=7x/27=x2\cos\theta = \dfrac{BM}{BD} = \dfrac{7x/2}{7} = \dfrac{x}{2}

ABD\triangle ABD 中应用余弦定理: 化简得 81=18x2+4981 = 18x^2 + 49,所以 x=43x = \dfrac43AB=12AB = 1292=(9x)2+722(9x)(7)x2,9^2 = (9x)^2 + 7^2 - 2(9x)(7)\cdot\dfrac{x}{2},

现在 ABD\triangle ABD 的三边为 9,7,129, 7, 12。由海伦公式,半周长 s=14s = 14,面积为 14572=980=145\sqrt{14\cdot 5\cdot 7\cdot 2} = \sqrt{980} = 14\sqrt5

因此,正确答案是 D

Since DD lies on the perpendicular bisector of BC,\overline{BC}, DB=DC=7.DB = DC = 7. The angle bisector BD\overline{BD} gives ABBC=ADDC=97,\dfrac{AB}{BC} = \dfrac{AD}{DC} = \dfrac{9}{7}, so write AB=9xAB = 9x and BC=7x.BC = 7x.

Let θ=ABD=DBC.\theta = \angle ABD = \angle DBC. In isosceles BDC,\triangle BDC, the foot of the perpendicular is the midpoint MM of BC,\overline{BC}, so cosθ=BMBD=7x/27=x2.\cos\theta = \dfrac{BM}{BD} = \dfrac{7x/2}{7} = \dfrac{x}{2}.

Applying the Law of Cosines in ABD:\triangle ABD: 92=(9x)2+722(9x)(7)x2,9^2 = (9x)^2 + 7^2 - 2(9x)(7)\cdot\dfrac{x}{2}, which simplifies to 81=18x2+49,81 = 18x^2 + 49, so x=43x = \dfrac43 and AB=12.AB = 12.

Now ABD\triangle ABD has sides 9,7,12.9, 7, 12. By Heron's formula with s=14,s = 14, the area is 14572=980=145.\sqrt{14\cdot 5\cdot 7\cdot 2} = \sqrt{980} = 14\sqrt5.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

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