2002 AMC 12A 真题

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1.

求下列方程的所有根之和。(2x+3)(x4)+(2x+3)(x6)=0 \begin{aligned} &(2x+3)(x-4) \\ &\quad {}+(2x+3)(x-6)=0 \end{aligned}\text{。}

Compute the sum of all the roots of (2x+3)(x4)+(2x+3)(x6)=0. \begin{aligned} &(2x+3)(x-4) \\ &\quad {}+(2x+3)(x-6)=0. \end{aligned}

72\dfrac{7}{2}

44

55

77

1313

答案:A
知识点:因式分解韦达定理
难度评级:890
小提示:

两项都有公因式 2x+32x+3

Both terms share the factor 2x+32x+3

大提示:

方程可化为 (2x+3)(2x10)=0(2x+3)(2x-10)=0

The equation becomes (2x+3)(2x10)=0(2x+3)(2x-10)=0

解答:

提出 2x+32x+3 得到 (2x+3)[(x4)+(x6)](2x+3)\big[(x-4)+(x-6)\big] =(2x+3)(2x10)= (2x+3)(2x-10) =0= 0

两个根为 32-\dfrac{3}{2}55,它们的和是 32+5=72-\dfrac{3}{2} + 5 = \dfrac{7}{2}

因此,正确答案是 A

Factoring out 2x+32x+3 gives (2x+3)[(x4)+(x6)](2x+3)\big[(x-4)+(x-6)\big] =(2x+3)(2x10)= (2x+3)(2x-10) =0.= 0.

The roots are 32-\dfrac{3}{2} and 5,5, whose sum is 32+5=72.-\dfrac{3}{2} + 5 = \dfrac{7}{2}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

2.

老师要求 Cindy 从某个数中减去 33,再将结果除以 99。可她却先减去 99,再将结果除以 33 得到答案 4343。如果她按正确步骤计算,答案应是多少?

Cindy was asked by her teacher to subtract 33 from a certain number and then divide the result by 9.9. Instead, she subtracted 99 and then divided the result by 3,3, giving an answer of 43.43. What would her answer have been had she worked the problem correctly?

1515

3434

4343

5151

138138

答案:A
难度评级:1020
小提示:

她实际计算的是 x93=43\dfrac{x-9}{3}=43

Her computation was x93=43\dfrac{x-9}{3}=43

大提示:

先求出 xx,再计算 x39\dfrac{x-3}{9}

Solve for x,x, then evaluate x39\dfrac{x-3}{9}

解答:

设原数为 xx。Cindy 计算了 x93=43\dfrac{x-9}{3} = 43,所以 x9=129x - 9 = 129x=138x = 138

正确计算为 13839=1359=15\dfrac{138-3}{9} = \dfrac{135}{9} = 15

因此,正确答案是 A

Let xx be the number. Cindy computed x93=43,\dfrac{x-9}{3} = 43, so x9=129x - 9 = 129 and x=138.x = 138.

The correct computation gives 13839=1359=15.\dfrac{138-3}{9} = \dfrac{135}{9} = 15.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

3.

按照指数运算的标准约定,2222=2(2(22))=216=65,5362^{2^{2^2}} = 2^{\left(2^{\left(2^2\right)}\right)} = 2^{16} = 65{,}536\text{。} 如果改变指数运算的执行顺序,还可能得到多少个其他值?

According to the standard convention for exponentiation, 2222=2(2(22))=216=65,536.2^{2^{2^2}} = 2^{\left(2^{\left(2^2\right)}\right)} = 2^{16} = 65{,}536. If the order in which the exponentiations are performed is changed, how many other values are possible?

00

11

22

33

44

答案:B
难度评级:1270
小提示:

四个 22 组成的指数塔共有五种加括号方式。

There are five ways to parenthesize a tower of four 22’s

大提示:

每种加括号方式的值都是 2162^{16}282^{8}

Every parenthesization evaluates to either 2162^{16} or 282^{8}

解答:

22222^{2^{2^2}} 的五种加括号方式给出 ((22)2)2=28,(222)2=28,(22)22=28 \begin{aligned} &\left(\left(2^2\right)^2\right)^2 = 2^8, \\ &\left(2^{2^2}\right)^2 = 2^8, \\ &\left(2^2\right)^{2^2} = 2^8 \end{aligned}\text{,}2(22)2=216,2222=2162^{\left(2^2\right)^2} = 2^{16},\quad 2^{2^{2^2}} = 2^{16}\text{。}

因此只可能得到 216=65,5362^{16} = 65{,}53628=2562^8 = 256。除标准值外,恰好还有 11 个其他值。

因此,正确答案是 B

The five parenthesizations of 22222^{2^{2^2}} give ((22)2)2=28,(222)2=28,(22)22=28, \begin{aligned} &\left(\left(2^2\right)^2\right)^2 = 2^8, \\ &\left(2^{2^2}\right)^2 = 2^8, \\ &\left(2^2\right)^{2^2} = 2^8, \end{aligned} 2(22)2=216,2222=216.2^{\left(2^2\right)^2} = 2^{16},\quad 2^{2^{2^2}} = 2^{16}.

So the only values are 216=65,5362^{16} = 65{,}536 and 28=256.2^8 = 256. Besides the standard value there is exactly 11 other.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

4.

求一个角的度数,已知它的余角是它的补角的 25%25\%

Find the degree measure of an angle whose complement is 25%25\% of its supplement.

4848

6060

7575

120120

150150

答案:B
难度评级:1130
小提示:

余角是 90x90 - x,补角是 180x180 - x

The complement is 90x90 - x and the supplement is 180x180 - x

大提示:

解方程 90x=14(180x)90 - x = \dfrac14(180 - x)

Solve 90x=14(180x)90 - x = \dfrac14(180 - x)

解答:

设这个角为 xx,则 90x=14(180x)90 - x = \dfrac14(180 - x),所以 3604x=180x360 - 4x = 180 - x

由此 3x=1803x = 180,所以 x=60x = 60

因此,正确答案是 B

Let the angle be x.x. Then 90x=14(180x),90 - x = \dfrac14(180 - x), so 3604x=180x.360 - 4x = 180 - x.

This gives 3x=180,3x = 180, so x=60.x = 60.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

5.

图中每个小圆的半径都是一。最里面的圆与围绕它的六个圆相切,这六个圆中的每个又与大圆以及相邻的小圆相切。求阴影区域的面积。

Each of the small circles in the figure has radius one. The innermost circle is tangent to the six circles that surround it, and each of those circles is tangent to the large circle and to its small-circle neighbors. Find the area of the shaded region.

π\pi

1.5π1.5\pi

2π2\pi

3π3\pi

3.5π3.5\pi

答案:C
知识点:圆面积相切圆
难度评级:1270
小提示:

每个外圈圆的圆心到中心的距离为 22,所以大圆半径为 33

Each surrounding circle has its center 22 units from the center, so the large circle has radius 33

大提示:

用大圆面积减去七个单位圆的面积。

Subtract the areas of the seven unit circles from the area of the large circle

解答:

六个外圈单位圆都与中心单位圆相切,所以它们的圆心到中心距离为 22。再加上一个半径,大圆半径为 33,面积为 9π9\pi

七个单位圆的总面积为 7π7\pi,所以阴影区域面积为 9π7π=2π9\pi - 7\pi = 2\pi

因此,正确答案是 C

Each of the six outer unit circles is tangent to the central unit circle, so its center is 22 units from the center. Adding one more radius, the large circle has radius 33 and area 9π.9\pi.

The seven unit circles have total area 7π,7\pi, so the shaded region has area 9π7π=2π.9\pi - 7\pi = 2\pi.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

6.

有多少个正整数 mm 满足:存在至少一个正整数 nn,使得 mnm+nm \cdot n \le m + n

For how many positive integers mm does there exist at least one positive integer nn such that mnm+n?m \cdot n \le m + n?

44

66

99

1212

无穷多个

infinitely many

答案:E
知识点:不等式小情形
难度评级:1350
小提示:

考虑 n=1n = 1 时会发生什么。

Consider what happens when n=1n = 1

大提示:

n=1n = 1 时,不等式化为 mm+1m \le m + 1

For n=1,n = 1, the inequality reduces to mm+1m \le m + 1

解答:

n=1n = 1,不等式变为 mm+1m \le m + 1,这对每个正整数 mm 都成立。

所以每个正整数 mm 都满足条件,共有无穷多个。

因此,正确答案是 E

Taking n=1,n = 1, the inequality becomes mm+1,m \le m + 1, which holds for every positive integer m.m.

So every positive integer mm works, and there are infinitely many.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

7.

若圆 AA4545^\circ 的弧长等于圆 BB3030^\circ 的弧长,则圆 AA 的面积与圆 BB 的面积之比为

If an arc of 4545^\circ on circle AA has the same length as an arc of 3030^\circ on circle B,B, then the ratio of the area of circle AA to the area of circle BB is

49\dfrac{4}{9}

23\dfrac{2}{3}

56\dfrac{5}{6}

32\dfrac{3}{2}

94\dfrac{9}{4}

答案:A
难度评级:1350
小提示:

弧长相等:453602πRA=303602πRB\dfrac{45}{360}\cdot 2\pi R_A = \dfrac{30}{360}\cdot 2\pi R_B

Equal arc lengths: 453602πRA=303602πRB\dfrac{45}{360}\cdot 2\pi R_A = \dfrac{30}{360}\cdot 2\pi R_B

大提示:

先求 RARB\dfrac{R_A}{R_B};面积比是它的平方。

Find RARB;\dfrac{R_A}{R_B}; the area ratio is its square

解答:

弧长相等给出 453602πRA=303602πRB\dfrac{45}{360}\cdot 2\pi R_A = \dfrac{30}{360}\cdot 2\pi R_B,所以 RARB=3045=23\dfrac{R_A}{R_B} = \dfrac{30}{45} = \dfrac{2}{3}

面积比为 (RARB)2=49\left(\dfrac{R_A}{R_B}\right)^2 = \dfrac{4}{9}

因此,正确答案是 A

Equal arc lengths give 453602πRA=303602πRB,\dfrac{45}{360}\cdot 2\pi R_A = \dfrac{30}{360}\cdot 2\pi R_B, so RARB=3045=23.\dfrac{R_A}{R_B} = \dfrac{30}{45} = \dfrac{2}{3}.

The ratio of areas is (RARB)2=49.\left(\dfrac{R_A}{R_B}\right)^2 = \dfrac{4}{9}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

8.

Betsy 用蓝色三角形、小白色正方形和红色中心正方形设计了一面旗帜,如图所示。设 BB 为蓝色三角形总面积,WW 为白色正方形总面积,RR 为红色正方形面积。下列哪一项正确?

Betsy designed a flag using blue triangles, small white squares, and a red center square, as shown. Let BB be the total area of the blue triangles, WW the total area of the white squares, and RR the area of the red square. Which of the following is correct?

B=WB = W

W=RW = R

B=RB = R

3B=2R3B = 2R

2R=W2R = W

答案:A
难度评级:1380
小提示:

用全等三角形覆盖整面旗帜。

Cover the whole flag with congruent triangles

大提示:

数一数蓝色区域和白色区域中各有多少个这样的三角形。

Count how many of those triangles lie in the blue region and in the white region

解答:

画出所示的对角线后,整面旗帜被分成全等三角形。数一数可得,蓝色区域有 2424 个三角形,白色区域有 2424 个,红色正方形有 1616 个。

由于蓝色和白色区域含有相同数量的三角形,所以 B=WB = W

因此,正确答案是 A

Drawing the diagonals shown, the entire flag is tiled by congruent triangles. Counting, there are 2424 triangles in the blue region, 2424 in the white region, and 1616 in the red square.

Since the blue and white regions contain the same number of triangles, B=W.B = W.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

9.

Jamal 想把 3030 个电脑文件存到软盘上,每张软盘容量为 1.441.44 兆字节(MB)。其中三个文件各需要 0.80.8 MB,另有 1212 个各需要 0.70.7 MB,剩下 1515 个各需要 0.40.4 MB。一个文件不能拆分到多张软盘上。装下所有文件最少需要多少张软盘?

Jamal wants to store 3030 computer files on floppy disks, each of which has a capacity of 1.441.44 megabytes (mb). Three of his files require 0.80.8 mb of memory each, 1212 more require 0.70.7 mb each, and the remaining 1515 require 0.40.4 mb each. No file can be split between floppy disks. What is the minimal number of floppy disks that will hold all the files?

1212

1313

1414

1515

1616

答案:B
难度评级:1570
小提示:

所需总容量为 3(0.8)+12(0.7)+15(0.4)3(0.8)+12(0.7)+15(0.4) mb。

The total memory needed is 3(0.8)+12(0.7)+15(0.4)3(0.8)+12(0.7)+15(0.4) mb

大提示:

放有一个 0.80.8 文件的软盘最多只能再放一个 0.40.4 文件,会浪费 0.240.24 mb;把这些浪费加起来。

A disk holding a 0.80.8 file has room for only one 0.40.4 file, wasting 0.240.24 mb; add up this waste

解答:

文件总大小为 3(0.8)+12(0.7)3(0.8)+12(0.7) +15(0.4)=16.8+15(0.4) = 16.8 mb,所以仅按容量至少需要 16.81.44=1123\dfrac{16.8}{1.44} = 11\tfrac{2}{3} 张软盘。

含有 0.80.8-mb 文件的软盘只能再放一个 0.40.4-mb 文件,至少留下 0.240.24 mb 空间。三个 0.80.8-mb 文件总共至少浪费 3(0.24)=0.723(0.24) = 0.72 mb,超过半张软盘容量,因此至少需要 1313 张。

十三张也足够:六张各放两个 0.70.7-mb 文件,三张各放一个 0.80.8-mb 文件和一个 0.40.4-mb 文件,四张各放三个 0.40.4-mb 文件。

因此,正确答案是 B

The files need 3(0.8)+12(0.7)3(0.8)+12(0.7) +15(0.4)=16.8+15(0.4) = 16.8 mb, so at least 16.81.44=1123\dfrac{16.8}{1.44} = 11\tfrac{2}{3} disks by volume alone.

A disk containing a 0.80.8-mb file has room for only one more 0.40.4-mb file, leaving at least 0.240.24 mb unused. Across the three 0.80.8-mb files this wastes at least 3(0.24)=0.723(0.24) = 0.72 mb, over half a disk, forcing at least 1313 disks.

Thirteen suffice: six disks each hold two 0.70.7-mb files, three disks each hold one 0.80.8-mb file plus one 0.40.4-mb file, and four disks each hold three 0.40.4-mb files.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

10.

Sarah 将四盎司咖啡倒入一个八盎司杯中,又将四盎司奶油倒入另一个同样大小的杯子。她把第一杯中一半的咖啡倒入第二杯,充分搅拌后,再把第二杯中一半的液体倒回第一杯。现在第一杯中的液体有几分之几是奶油?

Sarah pours four ounces of coffee into an eight-ounce cup and four ounces of cream into a second cup of the same size. She then transfers half the coffee from the first cup to the second and, after stirring thoroughly, transfers half the liquid in the second cup back to the first. What fraction of the liquid in the first cup is now cream?

14\dfrac{1}{4}

13\dfrac{1}{3}

38\dfrac{3}{8}

25\dfrac{2}{5}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

答案:D
知识点:混合问题分数
难度评级:1440
小提示:

第一次转移后,杯 2222 oz 咖啡和 44 oz 奶油。

After the first transfer, cup 22 holds 22 oz coffee and 44 oz cream

大提示:

22 倒回一半时,会按相同比例转移咖啡和奶油;求杯 11 中的奶油量。

Transferring back half of cup 22 moves its coffee and cream in equal proportion; find the cream in cup 11

解答:

倒出一半咖啡后,杯 1122 oz 咖啡;杯 2222 oz 咖啡和 44 oz 奶油,共 66 oz。

22 倒回一半,会转移 11 oz 咖啡和 22 oz 奶油。于是杯 112+1=32 + 1 = 3 oz 咖啡和 22 oz 奶油。

奶油所占比例为 22+3=25\dfrac{2}{2+3} = \dfrac{2}{5}

因此,正确答案是 D

After transferring half the coffee, cup 11 has 22 oz coffee and cup 22 has 22 oz coffee and 44 oz cream, a total of 66 oz.

Transferring half of cup 22 back moves 11 oz coffee and 22 oz cream. Cup 11 then holds 2+1=32 + 1 = 3 oz coffee and 22 oz cream.

The fraction that is cream is 22+3=25.\dfrac{2}{2+3} = \dfrac{2}{5}.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

11.

Earl E. Bird 先生每天上午 8:008{:}00 整离家上班。当他的平均速度为每小时 4040 英里时,会晚到三分钟;当平均速度为每小时 6060 英里时,会早到三分钟。Bird 先生应以多少英里每小时的平均速度行驶,才能准时到达工作地点?

Mr. Earl E. Bird leaves his house for work at exactly 8:008{:}00 A.M. every morning. When he averages 4040 miles per hour, he arrives at his workplace three minutes late. When he averages 6060 miles per hour, he arrives three minutes early. At what average speed, in miles per hour, should Mr. Bird drive to arrive at his workplace precisely on time?

4545

4848

5050

5555

5858

答案:B
难度评级:1380
小提示:

设准时所需行驶时间为 tt 小时;三分钟是 0.050.05 小时。

Let tt be the on-time travel time in hours; three minutes is 0.050.05 hours

大提示:

列方程 40(t+0.05)=60(t0.05)40(t+0.05) = 60(t-0.05),求出 tt,再求路程。

Set 40(t+0.05)=60(t0.05),40(t+0.05) = 60(t-0.05), solve for t,t, then find the distance

解答:

设准时所需时间为 tt 小时。三分钟是 0.050.05 小时,所以 40(t+0.05)=60(t0.05)40(t+0.05) = 60(t-0.05)

40t+2=60t340t + 2 = 60t - 3,所以 t=0.25t = 0.25。路程为 40(0.25+0.05)=1240(0.25+0.05) = 12 英里,所需速度为 120.25=48\dfrac{12}{0.25} = 48 英里每小时。

因此,正确答案是 B

Let tt be the time in hours to arrive on time. Since three minutes is 0.050.05 hours, 40(t+0.05)=60(t0.05).40(t+0.05) = 60(t-0.05).

This gives 40t+2=60t3,40t + 2 = 60t - 3, so t=0.25.t = 0.25. The distance is 40(0.25+0.05)=1240(0.25+0.05) = 12 miles, and the required speed is 120.25=48\dfrac{12}{0.25} = 48 miles per hour.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

12.

二次方程 x263x+k=0x^2 - 63x + k = 0 的两个根都是质数。kk 可能取值的个数是多少?

Both roots of the quadratic equation x263x+k=0x^2 - 63x + k = 0 are prime numbers. The number of possible values of kk is

00

11

22

44

多于四个

more than four

答案:B
难度评级:1350
小提示:

如果两个根是质数 ppqq,则 p+q=63p + q = 63

If the roots are primes pp and q,q, then p+q=63p + q = 63

大提示:

和为奇数迫使其中一个质数为 22

An odd sum forces one of the primes to be 22

解答:

如果两个根是质数 ppqq,则由韦达定理 p+q=63p + q = 63,且 pq=kpq = k

因为 6363 是奇数,所以一个质数必须是偶数,即 22,另一个是 6161。两者都是质数,所以 k=261=122k = 2\cdot 61 = 122 是唯一可能值。

因此,正确答案是 B

If the roots are primes pp and q,q, then by Vieta’s formulas p+q=63p + q = 63 and pq=k.pq = k.

Since 6363 is odd, one prime must be even, namely 2,2, and the other is 61.61. Both are prime, so k=261=122k = 2\cdot 61 = 122 is the only possible value.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

13.

两个不同的正数 aabb 各自与其倒数相差 11a+ba + b 是多少?

Two different positive numbers aa and bb each differ from their reciprocals by 1.1. What is a+b?a + b?

11

22

5\sqrt{5}

6\sqrt{6}

33

答案:C
难度评级:1500
小提示:

满足 x1x=1\left|x - \dfrac1x\right| = 1 的数 xx 满足 x2x1=0x^2 - x - 1 = 0x2+x1=0x^2 + x - 1 = 0

A number xx with x1x=1\left|x - \dfrac1x\right| = 1 satisfies x2x1=0x^2 - x - 1 = 0 or x2+x1=0x^2 + x - 1 = 0

大提示:

两个正解互为倒数;用求根公式把它们相加。

The two positive solutions are reciprocals of each other; add them using the quadratic formula

解答:

正数 xx 与其倒数相差 11 时,x1x=1x - \dfrac1x = 1x1x=1x - \dfrac1x = -1,即 x2x1=0x^2 - x - 1 = 0x2+x1=0x^2 + x - 1 = 0

正根为 1+52\dfrac{1+\sqrt5}{2}1+52\dfrac{-1+\sqrt5}{2},它们互为倒数。它们的和是 a+b=5a + b = \sqrt5

因此,正确答案是 C

A positive number xx differs from its reciprocal by 11 when x1x=1x - \dfrac1x = 1 or x1x=1,x - \dfrac1x = -1, i.e. x2x1=0x^2 - x - 1 = 0 or x2+x1=0.x^2 + x - 1 = 0.

The positive roots are 1+52\dfrac{1+\sqrt5}{2} and 1+52,\dfrac{-1+\sqrt5}{2}, which are reciprocals of each other. Their sum is a+b=5.a + b = \sqrt5.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

14.

对所有正整数 nn,定义 f(n)=log2002n2f(n) = \log_{2002} n^2。令 N=f(11)+f(13)+f(14)N = f(11) + f(13) + f(14)\text{。} 下列哪个关系成立?

For all positive integers n,n, let f(n)=log2002n2.f(n) = \log_{2002} n^2. Let N=f(11)+f(13)+f(14).N = f(11) + f(13) + f(14). Which of the following relations is true?

N>1N \gt 1

N=1N = 1

1<N<21 \lt N \lt 2

N=2N = 2

N>2N \gt 2

答案:D
知识点:对数
难度评级:1500
小提示:

f(n)=log2002n2=2log2002nf(n) = \log_{2002} n^2 = 2\log_{2002} n

f(n)=log2002n2=2log2002nf(n) = \log_{2002} n^2 = 2\log_{2002} n

大提示:

合并为 N=log2002(111314)2N = \log_{2002}(11\cdot 13\cdot 14)^2,再计算里面的乘积。

Combine into N=log2002(111314)2N = \log_{2002}(11\cdot 13\cdot 14)^2 and evaluate the product inside

解答:

利用 loga2=2loga\log a^2 = 2\log a 并合并对数,N=log2002112+log2002132+log2002142=log2002(111314)2 \begin{aligned} N &= \log_{2002} 11^2 + \log_{2002} 13^2 \\ &\quad {}+ \log_{2002} 14^2 \\ &= \log_{2002}(11\cdot 13\cdot 14)^2 \end{aligned}\text{。}

因为 111314=200211\cdot 13\cdot 14 = 2002,所以这是 log200220022=2\log_{2002} 2002^2 = 2

因此,正确答案是 D

Using loga2=2loga\log a^2 = 2\log a and adding logs, N=log2002112+log2002132+log2002142=log2002(111314)2. \begin{aligned} N &= \log_{2002} 11^2 + \log_{2002} 13^2 \\ &\quad {}+ \log_{2002} 14^2 \\ &= \log_{2002}(11\cdot 13\cdot 14)^2. \end{aligned}

Since 111314=2002,11\cdot 13\cdot 14 = 2002, this is log200220022=2.\log_{2002} 2002^2 = 2.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

15.

一组八个整数的平均数、中位数、唯一众数和极差都等于 88。这组数中可能出现的最大整数是多少?

The mean, median, unique mode, and range of a collection of eight integers are all equal to 8.8. The largest integer that can be an element of this collection is

1111

1212

1313

1414

1515

答案:D
难度评级:1660
小提示:

八个整数的和为 88=648\cdot 8 = 64,且众数 88 必须重复出现。

The eight integers sum to 88=64,8\cdot 8 = 64, and the mode 88 must repeat

大提示:

测试最大值 1515;此时最小值应为 77,再检查剩余和。

Test the largest value 15;15; the smallest would then be 7,7, and check the remaining sum

解答:

集合 6,6,6,8,8,8,8,146, 6, 6, 8, 8, 8, 8, 14 的平均数、中位数、唯一众数和极差都等于 88,所以 1414 可以达到。

假设最大值为 1515。极差 88 迫使最小值为 77。因为 88 是众数,它在排好序的八个数中重复出现;再结合中位数 88,中间两个数只能是 8,88, 8。于是 7+8+8+15=387 + 8 + 8 + 15 = 38,剩下四个数的和为 6438=2664 - 38 = 26,平均为 6.56.5。这样至少有一个数会小于 77,与最小值矛盾。因此 1515 不可能。

因此,正确答案是 D

The collection 6,6,6,8,8,8,8,146, 6, 6, 8, 8, 8, 8, 14 has mean, median, unique mode, and range all equal to 8,8, so 1414 is attainable.

Suppose the largest were 15.15. The range 88 forces the smallest to be 7.7. Because 88 is the mode, it occurs in the sorted list; together with median 8,8, this forces the two middle values to be 8,8.8, 8. Then 7+8+8+15=38,7 + 8 + 8 + 15 = 38, so the remaining four values sum to 6438=26,64 - 38 = 26, averaging 6.5.6.5. At least one would be below 7,7, contradicting the minimum. So 1515 is impossible.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

16.

Tina 从集合 {1,2,3,4,5}\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\} 中随机选择两个不同的数,Sergio 从集合 {1,2,,10}\{1, 2, \ldots, 10\} 中随机选择一个数。Sergio 选的数大于 Tina 所选两个数之和的概率是多少?

Tina randomly selects two distinct numbers from the set {1,2,3,4,5},\{1, 2, 3, 4, 5\}, and Sergio randomly selects a number from the set {1,2,,10}.\{1, 2, \ldots, 10\}. The probability that Sergio’s number is larger than the sum of the two numbers chosen by Tina is

25\dfrac{2}{5}

920\dfrac{9}{20}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

1120\dfrac{11}{20}

2425\dfrac{24}{25}

答案:A
难度评级:1630
小提示:

Tina 有 (52)=10\binom{5}{2} = 10 个等可能的数对。

Tina has (52)=10\binom{5}{2} = 10 equally likely pairs

大提示:

若某数对的和为 ss,Sergio 的数大于它的概率为 10s10\dfrac{10 - s}{10}

For a pair with sum s,s, Sergio exceeds it with probability 10s10\dfrac{10 - s}{10}

解答:

Tina 的十个数对的和为 3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,93, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9。对于和 ss,Sergio 的数大于它的概率为 10s10\dfrac{10 - s}{10}

相应的 10s10 - s 值为 7,6,5,5,4,4,3,3,2,17, 6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 1,总和为 4040。总概率为 401010=25\dfrac{40}{10\cdot 10} = \dfrac{2}{5}

因此,正确答案是 A

Tina’s ten pairs have sums 3,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,9.3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9. For a sum s,s, Sergio’s number exceeds it with probability 10s10.\dfrac{10 - s}{10}.

The corresponding values of 10s10 - s are 7,6,5,5,4,4,3,3,2,1,7, 6, 5, 5, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 1, totaling 40.40. The overall probability is 401010=25.\dfrac{40}{10\cdot 10} = \dfrac{2}{5}.

Thus, the correct answer is A.

17.

有若干组质数,例如 {7,83,421,659}\{7, 83, 421, 659\},恰好各使用九个非零数字一次。这样的质数组的和最小可能是多少?

Several sets of prime numbers, such as {7,83,421,659},\{7, 83, 421, 659\}, use each of the nine nonzero digits exactly once. What is the smallest possible sum such a set of primes could have?

193193

207207

225225

252252

477477

答案:B
难度评级:1800
小提示:

数字 4,6,84, 6, 8 不能作为多位质数的个位,所以每个都必须是十位数字。

The digits 4,6,84, 6, 8 cannot end a prime past one digit, so each must be a tens digit

大提示:

这三个数字至少贡献 40+60+8040 + 60 + 80,剩下六个数字至少按个位贡献它们本身的和;再检查是否存在可行例子。

Those three contribute at least 40+60+80,40 + 60 + 80, and the remaining six digits at least their own sum as units digits; then check a valid set exists

解答:

偶数字 4,6,84, 6, 8 不能作为多位质数的个位,所以每个都必须出现在十位或更高位,至少贡献 40+60+80=18040 + 60 + 80 = 180。另外六个数字至少贡献 1+2+3+5+7+9=271 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 27,因此总和至少为 207207

这个下界可以达到,例如 {2,3,5,41,67,89}\{2, 3, 5, 41, 67, 89\},它们的和为 207207

因此,正确答案是 B

The even digits 4,6,84, 6, 8 cannot be the units digit of a multi-digit prime, so each must appear in a tens place or higher, contributing at least 40+60+80=180.40 + 60 + 80 = 180. The other six digits contribute at least 1+2+3+5+7+9=27,1 + 2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 27, so the sum is at least 207.207.

This bound is achieved, for example by {2,3,5,41,67,89},\{2, 3, 5, 41, 67, 89\}, whose sum is 207.207.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

18.

设圆 C1C_1C2C_2 的方程分别为 (x10)2+y2=36(x - 10)^2 + y^2 = 36(x+15)2+y2=81(x + 15)^2 + y^2 = 81\text{。} 线段 PQ\overline{PQ}PP 点与 C1C_1 相切,并在 QQ 点与 C2C_2 相切。这样的最短线段长多少?

Let C1C_1 and C2C_2 be circles defined by (x10)2+y2=36(x - 10)^2 + y^2 = 36 and (x+15)2+y2=81,(x + 15)^2 + y^2 = 81, respectively. What is the length of the shortest line segment PQ\overline{PQ} that is tangent to C1C_1 at PP and to C2C_2 at Q?Q?

1515

1818

2020

2121

2424

答案:C
难度评级:1660
小提示:

最短的这种线段是内公切线;它会在两个圆心之间与 AB\overline{AB} 相交。

The shortest such segment is the internal tangent; it crosses AB\overline{AB} between the centers

大提示:

交点按半径之比 6:96 : 9 分割 AB\overline{AB};再利用相似直角三角形。

The crossing point divides AB\overline{AB} in the ratio of the radii 6:9;6 : 9; use similar right triangles

解答:

圆心为 A=(10,0)A = (10, 0)B=(15,0)B = (-15, 0),半径分别为 6699,所以 AB=25AB = 25。最短切线是内公切线,它在点 DDAB\overline{AB} 相交,并按 6:96 : 9 分割该线段,因此 D=(0,0)D = (0, 0)

直角三角形 APDAPDBQDBQD 相似,比例为 2:32 : 3。因而 PD=10262=8PD = \sqrt{10^2 - 6^2} = 8QD=15292=12QD = \sqrt{15^2 - 9^2} = 12,所以 PQ=8+12=20PQ = 8 + 12 = 20

因此,正确答案是 C

The centers are A=(10,0)A = (10, 0) and B=(15,0),B = (-15, 0), with radii 66 and 9,9, so AB=25.AB = 25. The shortest tangent is the internal one, meeting AB\overline{AB} at a point DD that splits it in the ratio 6:9,6 : 9, giving D=(0,0).D = (0, 0).

The right triangles APDAPD and BQDBQD are similar with ratio 2:3.2 : 3. Then PD=10262=8PD = \sqrt{10^2 - 6^2} = 8 and QD=15292=12,QD = \sqrt{15^2 - 9^2} = 12, so PQ=8+12=20.PQ = 8 + 12 = 20.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

19.

函数 ff 的图像如下。方程 f(f(x))=6f(f(x)) = 6 有多少个解?

The graph of the function ff is shown below. How many solutions does the equation f(f(x))=6f(f(x)) = 6 have?

22

44

55

66

77

答案:D
难度评级:1660
小提示:

f(f(x))=6f(f(x)) = 6 意味着 f(x)f(x) 必须是一个使 ff 等于 66 的输入值。

f(f(x))=6f(f(x)) = 6 means f(x)f(x) must be an input where ff equals 66

大提示:

从图像看,f(t)=6f(t) = 6t=2t = -2t=1t = 1;计算 f(x)=2f(x) = -2f(x)=1f(x) = 1 的解数。

From the graph f(t)=6f(t) = 6 at t=2t = -2 and t=1;t = 1; count solutions of f(x)=2f(x) = -2 and f(x)=1f(x) = 1

解答:

图像在 x=2x = -2x=1x = 1 处达到 66,所以 f(f(x))=6f(f(x)) = 6 要求 f(x)=2f(x) = -2f(x)=1f(x) = 1

水平线 y=2y = -2 与图像相交两次,y=1y = 1 与图像相交四次,共有 2+4=62 + 4 = 6 个解。

因此,正确答案是 D

The graph reaches 66 at x=2x = -2 and x=1,x = 1, so f(f(x))=6f(f(x)) = 6 requires f(x)=2f(x) = -2 or f(x)=1.f(x) = 1.

The horizontal line y=2y = -2 meets the graph twice, and y=1y = 1 meets it four times, giving 2+4=62 + 4 = 6 solutions.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

20.

aabb 是数字,不同时为九也不同时为零,循环小数 0.ab0.\overline{ab} 被化为最简分数。可能出现多少个不同的分母?

Suppose that aa and bb are digits, not both nine and not both zero, and the repeating decimal 0.ab0.\overline{ab} is expressed as a fraction in lowest terms. How many different denominators are possible?

33

44

55

88

99

答案:C
知识点:循环小数因数
难度评级:1630
小提示:

0.ab=ab990.\overline{ab} = \dfrac{\overline{ab}}{99},其中 ab\overline{ab} 表示这个两位数。

0.ab=ab990.\overline{ab} = \dfrac{\overline{ab}}{99} where ab\overline{ab} is the two-digit value

大提示:

最简形式的分母是 99=321199 = 3^2\cdot 11 的因数;排除 11,因为 a,ba, b 不同时为 99

In lowest terms the denominator is a divisor of 99=3211;99 = 3^2\cdot 11; exclude 11 since a,ba, b are not both 99

解答:

因为 0.ab=ab990.\overline{ab} = \dfrac{\overline{ab}}{99},最简分母必须整除 99=321199 = 3^2\cdot 11。它的因数为 1,3,9,11,33,991, 3, 9, 11, 33, 99

分母为 11 会要求 ab=99\overline{ab} = 99,即 a=b=9a = b = 9,但这种情况被排除。其余各个分母都能达到:分子 33,11,9,333, 11, 9, 311 分别约分后得到分母 3,9,11,333, 9, 11, 339999,所以共有 55 种可能的分母。

所以正确答案是 C

Since 0.ab=ab99,0.\overline{ab} = \dfrac{\overline{ab}}{99}, the reduced denominator divides 99=3211.99 = 3^2\cdot 11. The divisors are 1,3,9,11,33,99.1, 3, 9, 11, 33, 99.

The denominator 11 would require ab=99,\overline{ab} = 99, i.e. a=b=9,a = b = 9, which is excluded. Each is achievable: numerators 33,11,9,3,33, 11, 9, 3, and 11 reduce to denominators 3,9,11,33,3, 9, 11, 33, and 99,99, respectively. Thus there are 55 possible denominators.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

21.

考虑数列 44771188997766\ldots。对 n>2n \gt 2,第 nn 项是前两项之和的个位数字。令 SnS_n 表示该数列前 nn 项的和。使 Sn>10,000S_n \gt 10{,}000 的最小 nn

Consider the sequence of numbers 4,4, 7,7, 1,1, 8,8, 9,9, 7,7, 6,6, \ldots For n>2,n \gt 2, the nnth term of the sequence is the units digit of the sum of the two previous terms. Let SnS_n denote the sum of the first nn terms of this sequence. The smallest value of nn for which Sn>10,000S_n \gt 10{,}000 is

19921992

19991999

20012001

20022002

20042004

答案:B
难度评级:1840
小提示:

继续写出各项,直到模式重复。

Write out terms until the pattern repeats

大提示:

1212 项和为 6060,之后循环重复;求多少个完整循环仍不超过 10,00010{,}000

The first 1212 terms sum to 6060 and then repeat; find how many full blocks stay under 10,00010{,}000

解答:

继续写数列得到 4,7,1,8,9,7,64, 7, 1, 8, 9, 7, 63,9,2,1,3,4,7,1,3, 9, 2, 1, 3, 4, 7, 1, \ldots,它以 1212 为周期重复。每个 1212 项循环的和为 6060

满足 60k10,00060k \le 10{,}000 的最大 kkk=166k = 166,因此 S12166=9960S_{12\cdot 166} = 9960。再加上下一轮的 4,7,1,8,9,7,64, 7, 1, 8, 9, 7, 6,增加 4242,总和超过 10,00010{,}000。所以 n=12166+7=1999n = 12\cdot 166 + 7 = 1999

因此,正确答案是 B

Continuing the sequence gives 4,7,1,8,9,7,6,4, 7, 1, 8, 9, 7, 6, 3,9,2,1,3,4,7,1,,3, 9, 2, 1, 3, 4, 7, 1, \ldots, which repeats with period 12.12. Each block of 1212 terms sums to 60.60.

The largest kk with 60k10,00060k \le 10{,}000 is k=166,k = 166, giving S12166=9960.S_{12\cdot 166} = 9960. Adding the next terms 4,7,1,8,9,7,64, 7, 1, 8, 9, 7, 6 contributes 42,42, pushing the total past 10,000.10{,}000. So n=12166+7=1999.n = 12\cdot 166 + 7 = 1999.

Thus, the correct answer is B.

22.

三角形 ABCABC 是直角三角形,ACB\angle ACB 为直角,mABC=60m\angle ABC = 60^\circ,且 AB=10AB = 10。在 ABC\triangle ABC 内随机选一点 PP,再将 BP\overline{BP} 延长交 AC\overline{AC}DD。求 BD>52BD \gt 5\sqrt{2} 的概率。

Triangle ABCABC is a right triangle with ACB\angle ACB as its right angle, mABC=60,m\angle ABC = 60^\circ, and AB=10.AB = 10. Let PP be randomly chosen inside ABC,\triangle ABC, and extend BP\overline{BP} to meet AC\overline{AC} at D.D. What is the probability that BD>52?BD \gt 5\sqrt{2}?

222\dfrac{2 - \sqrt{2}}{2}

13\dfrac{1}{3}

333\dfrac{3 - \sqrt{3}}{3}

12\dfrac{1}{2}

555\dfrac{5 - \sqrt{5}}{5}

答案:C
难度评级:1990
小提示:

ABC\triangle ABC3030-6060-9090 三角形,其中 BC=5BC = 5AC=53AC = 5\sqrt{3}

ABC\triangle ABC is 3030-6060-9090 with BC=5BC = 5 and AC=53AC = 5\sqrt{3}

大提示:

AC\overline{AC} 上取点 EE,使 CE=5CE = 5,则 BE=52BE = 5\sqrt{2};此时 BD>52BD \gt 5\sqrt{2} 当且仅当 PP 落在 ABE\triangle ABE 内。

Choose EE on AC\overline{AC} with CE=5,CE = 5, so BE=52;BE = 5\sqrt{2}; then BD>52BD \gt 5\sqrt{2} iff PP lies inside ABE\triangle ABE

解答:

因为 AB=10AB = 10ABC=60\angle ABC = 60^\circ,这个 3030-6060-9090 三角形满足 BC=5BC = 5AC=53AC = 5\sqrt3

AC\overline{AC} 上取点 EE,使 CE=5CE = 5,则 BE=52+52=52BE = \sqrt{5^2 + 5^2} = 5\sqrt2。当 DD 沿 AC\overline{AC} 移动时,BD=25+CD2BD = \sqrt{25 + CD^2}。它超过 525\sqrt2 正好等价于 CD>5CD \gt 5,也就是 DD 位于 EE 的外侧;这又当且仅当 PPABE\triangle ABE 内。

所求概率为 [ABE][ABC]=EACA=53553=333 \begin{aligned} \dfrac{[ABE]}{[ABC]} &= \dfrac{EA}{CA} \\ &= \dfrac{5\sqrt3 - 5}{5\sqrt3} \\ &= \dfrac{3 - \sqrt3}{3} \end{aligned}\text{。}

因此,正确答案是 C

Since AB=10AB = 10 and ABC=60,\angle ABC = 60^\circ, the 3030-6060-9090 triangle has BC=5BC = 5 and AC=53.AC = 5\sqrt3.

Place EE on AC\overline{AC} with CE=5;CE = 5; then BE=52+52=52.BE = \sqrt{5^2 + 5^2} = 5\sqrt2. As DD moves along AC,\overline{AC}, BD=25+CD2BD = \sqrt{25 + CD^2} exceeds 525\sqrt2 exactly when CD>5,CD \gt 5, i.e. when DD lies beyond E,E, which happens iff PP is inside ABE.\triangle ABE.

The probability is [ABE][ABC]=EACA=53553=333. \begin{aligned} \dfrac{[ABE]}{[ABC]} &= \dfrac{EA}{CA} \\ &= \dfrac{5\sqrt3 - 5}{5\sqrt3} \\ &= \dfrac{3 - \sqrt3}{3}. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is C.

23.

在三角形 ABCABC 中,边 AC\overline{AC}BC\overline{BC} 的垂直平分线交于点 DD,且 BD\overline{BD} 平分 ABC\angle ABC。若 AD=9AD = 9DC=7DC = 7,求三角形 ABDABD 的面积。

In triangle ABC,ABC, side AC\overline{AC} and the perpendicular bisector of BC\overline{BC} meet in point D,D, and BD\overline{BD} bisects ABC.\angle ABC. If AD=9AD = 9 and DC=7,DC = 7, what is the area of triangle ABD?ABD?

1414

2121

2828

14514\sqrt{5}

28528\sqrt{5}

答案:D
难度评级:2110
小提示:

DDBC\overline{BC} 的垂直平分线上,所以 DB=DC=7DB = DC = 7

DD is on the perpendicular bisector of BC,\overline{BC}, so DB=DC=7DB = DC = 7

大提示:

角平分线给出 ABBC=ADDC=97\dfrac{AB}{BC} = \dfrac{AD}{DC} = \dfrac{9}{7};再用 BDC\triangle BDC 读出 cosθ\cos\theta,并应用余弦定理。

The angle bisector gives ABBC=ADDC=97;\dfrac{AB}{BC} = \dfrac{AD}{DC} = \dfrac{9}{7}; apply the Law of Cosines with cosθ\cos\theta read from BDC\triangle BDC

解答:

因为 DDBC\overline{BC} 的垂直平分线上,所以 DB=DC=7DB = DC = 7。角平分线 BD\overline{BD} 给出 ABBC=ADDC=97\dfrac{AB}{BC} = \dfrac{AD}{DC} = \dfrac{9}{7},设 AB=9xAB = 9xBC=7xBC = 7x

θ=ABD=DBC\theta = \angle ABD = \angle DBC。在等腰三角形 BDC\triangle BDC 中,垂足是 BC\overline{BC} 的中点 MM,所以 cosθ=BMBD=7x27=x2\cos\theta = \dfrac{BM}{BD} = \dfrac{\frac{7x}{2}}{7} = \dfrac{x}{2}

ABD\triangle ABD 中应用余弦定理:92=(9x)2+722(9x)(7)x29^2 = (9x)^2 + 7^2 - 2(9x)(7)\cdot\dfrac{x}{2}\text{,}化简得 81=18x2+4981 = 18x^2 + 49,所以 x=43x = \dfrac43AB=12AB = 12

现在 ABD\triangle ABD 的三边为 9,7,129, 7, 12。由海伦公式,半周长 s=14s = 14,面积为 14572=980=145\sqrt{14\cdot 5\cdot 7\cdot 2} = \sqrt{980} = 14\sqrt5

因此,正确答案是 D

Since DD lies on the perpendicular bisector of BC,\overline{BC}, DB=DC=7.DB = DC = 7. The angle bisector BD\overline{BD} gives ABBC=ADDC=97,\dfrac{AB}{BC} = \dfrac{AD}{DC} = \dfrac{9}{7}, so write AB=9xAB = 9x and BC=7x.BC = 7x.

Let θ=ABD=DBC.\theta = \angle ABD = \angle DBC. In isosceles BDC,\triangle BDC, the foot of the perpendicular is the midpoint MM of BC,\overline{BC}, so cosθ=BMBD=7x27=x2.\cos\theta = \dfrac{BM}{BD} = \dfrac{\frac{7x}{2}}{7} = \dfrac{x}{2}.

Applying the Law of Cosines in ABD:\triangle ABD: 92=(9x)2+722(9x)(7)x2,9^2 = (9x)^2 + 7^2 - 2(9x)(7)\cdot\dfrac{x}{2}, which simplifies to 81=18x2+49,81 = 18x^2 + 49, so x=43x = \dfrac43 and AB=12.AB = 12.

Now ABD\triangle ABD has sides 9,7,12.9, 7, 12. By Heron’s formula with s=14,s = 14, the area is 14572=980=145.\sqrt{14\cdot 5\cdot 7\cdot 2} = \sqrt{980} = 14\sqrt5.

Thus, the correct answer is D.

24.

求有多少个有序实数对 (a,b)(a, b) 满足 (a+bi)2002=abi(a + bi)^{2002} = a - bi

Find the number of ordered pairs of real numbers (a,b)(a, b) such that (a+bi)2002=abi.(a + bi)^{2002} = a - bi.

10011001

10021002

20012001

20022002

20042004

答案:E
知识点:复数单位根
难度评级:2170
小提示:

z=a+biz = a + bi,则方程为 z2002=zz^{2002} = \overline{z};取模长。

Write z=a+bi,z = a + bi, so the equation is z2002=z;z^{2002} = \overline{z}; take magnitudes

大提示:

z2002=z|z|^{2002} = |z| 迫使 z=0|z| = 0z=1|z| = 1;当 z=1|z| = 1z=1z\overline{z} = \dfrac1z

z2002=z|z|^{2002} = |z| forces z=0|z| = 0 or z=1;|z| = 1; when z=1,|z| = 1, z=1z\overline{z} = \dfrac1z

解答:

z=a+biz = a + bi。方程为 z2002=zz^{2002} = \overline{z}。取模长,得 z2002=z|z|^{2002} = |z|,所以 z(z20011)=0|z|\big(|z|^{2001} - 1\big) = 0,因此 z=0|z| = 0z=1|z| = 1

z=0|z| = 0,则 (a,b)=(0,0)(a, b) = (0, 0),得到一个解。若 z=1|z| = 1,则 z=1z\overline{z} = \dfrac1z,所以 z2002=1zz^{2002} = \dfrac1z,即 z2003=1z^{2003} = 1,它有 20032003 个不同的根。

总共有 1+2003=20041 + 2003 = 2004 个有序对。

因此,正确答案是 E

Let z=a+bi.z = a + bi. The equation is z2002=z.z^{2002} = \overline{z}. Taking magnitudes, z2002=z,|z|^{2002} = |z|, so z(z20011)=0,|z|\big(|z|^{2001} - 1\big) = 0, giving z=0|z| = 0 or z=1.|z| = 1.

If z=0,|z| = 0, then (a,b)=(0,0),(a, b) = (0, 0), one solution. If z=1,|z| = 1, then z=1z,\overline{z} = \dfrac1z, so z2002=1z,z^{2002} = \dfrac1z, i.e. z2003=1,z^{2003} = 1, which has 20032003 distinct roots.

Altogether there are 1+2003=20041 + 2003 = 2004 ordered pairs.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

25.

将实系数多项式 PP 的所有非零系数都替换成这些系数的平均数,得到多项式 QQ。下列哪一幅可能是在区间 4x4-4 \le x \le 4y=P(x)y = P(x)y=Q(x)y = Q(x) 的图像?

The nonzero coefficients of a polynomial PP with real coefficients are all replaced by their mean to form a polynomial Q.Q. Which of the following could be a graph of y=P(x)y = P(x) and y=Q(x)y = Q(x) over the interval 4x4?-4 \le x \le 4?

答案:B
难度评级:2270
小提示:

PP 的系数和等于 QQ 的系数和。

The sum of the coefficients of PP equals the sum of the coefficients of QQ

大提示:

代入 x=1x = 1P(1)=Q(1)P(1) = Q(1),所以两条图像必须在 x=1x = 1 处相交。

Evaluating at x=1x = 1 gives P(1)=Q(1),P(1) = Q(1), so the two graphs must intersect at x=1x = 1

解答:

将非零系数替换为它们的平均数,会保持系数总和不变,所以 PPQQ 的系数和相同。由于 P(1)P(1)Q(1)Q(1) 都等于各自的系数和,P(1)=Q(1)P(1) = Q(1)

因此 y=P(x)y = P(x)y=Q(x)y = Q(x) 的图像必须在 x=1x = 1 处相交。唯一显示在 x=1x = 1 处相交的是图 B。(其中 P(x)=2x43x23x4P(x) = 2x^4 - 3x^2 - 3x - 4Q(x)=2x42x22x2Q(x) = -2x^4 - 2x^2 - 2x - 2。)

因此,正确答案是 B

Replacing the nonzero coefficients by their mean keeps the total of the coefficients unchanged, so PP and QQ have the same coefficient sum. Since P(1)P(1) and Q(1)Q(1) each equal that sum, P(1)=Q(1).P(1) = Q(1).

Therefore the graphs of y=P(x)y = P(x) and y=Q(x)y = Q(x) must cross at x=1.x = 1. The only choice showing an intersection at x=1x = 1 is graph B. (There, P(x)=2x43x23x4P(x) = 2x^4 - 3x^2 - 3x - 4 and Q(x)=2x42x22x2.Q(x) = -2x^4 - 2x^2 - 2x - 2.)

Thus, the correct answer is B.