2001 AMC 12 第 23 题

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23.

一个首项系数为 11、系数为整数的四次多项式有两个实零点,并且这两个实零点都是整数。 以下哪一个也可能是该多项式的一个零点?

A polynomial of degree four with leading coefficient 11 and integer coefficients has two real zeros, both of which are integers. Which of the following can also be a zero of the polynomial?

1+i112\dfrac{1 + i\sqrt{11}}{2}

1+i2\dfrac{1 + i}{2}

12+i\dfrac{1}{2} + i

1+i21 + \dfrac{i}{2}

1+i132\dfrac{1 + i\sqrt{13}}{2}

答案:A
知识点:多项式复数二次方程
难度评级:2080
解答:

写成 P(x)P(x) =(xr)(xs)(x2+αx+β)= (x - r)(x - s)(x^2 + \alpha x + \beta),其中 r,sr, s 是整数根;比较系数可知 α\alphaβ\beta 必须是整数。

另外两个零点为 若实部为 12\dfrac{1}{2},则需要 α=1\alpha = -1,从而虚部为 4β12\dfrac{\sqrt{4\beta - 1}}{2}α2±i4βα22. -\dfrac{\alpha}{2} \pm \dfrac{i\sqrt{4\beta - \alpha^2}}{2}.

选项 A 要求 4β1=11\sqrt{4\beta - 1} = \sqrt{11}, 即 β=3\beta = 3 是整数,所以可行。 其他选项都会迫使 β\beta 不是整数(例如选项 E 需要 β=3.5\beta = 3.5, 选项 D 需要 α=2\alpha = -2β=54\beta = \tfrac{5}{4})。

因此,正确答案是 A

Writing P(x)P(x) =(xr)(xs)(x2+αx+β)= (x - r)(x - s)(x^2 + \alpha x + \beta) with integer roots r,s,r, s, matching coefficients forces α\alpha and β\beta to be integers.

The other two zeros are α2±i4βα22. -\dfrac{\alpha}{2} \pm \dfrac{i\sqrt{4\beta - \alpha^2}}{2}. A real part of 12\dfrac{1}{2} requires α=1,\alpha = -1, making the imaginary part 4β12.\dfrac{\sqrt{4\beta - 1}}{2}.

Choice A needs 4β1=11,\sqrt{4\beta - 1} = \sqrt{11}, i.e. β=3,\beta = 3, an integer, so it works. The other choices force a non-integer β\beta (for example choice E needs β=3.5,\beta = 3.5, and choice D needs α=2\alpha = -2 with β=54\beta = \tfrac{5}{4}).

Thus, the correct answer is A.

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