2025 AMC 12A 第 20 题

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20.

下图所示五面体的底面是一个 13×813 \times 8 的矩形,它的侧面包括两个底边长为 88、两腰长为 1313 的等腰三角形,以及两个底边长分别为 771313、非平行边长为 1313 的等腰梯形。

这个五面体的体积是多少?

The base of the pentahedron shown below is a 13×813 \times 8 rectangle, and its lateral faces are two isosceles triangles with base of length 88 and congruent sides of length 13,13, and two isosceles trapezoids with bases of lengths 77 and 1313 and nonparallel sides of length 13.13.

What is the volume of the pentahedron?

416416

520520

528528

676676

832832

答案:C
知识点:立体几何体积多面体
难度评级:2110
解答:

顶部是一条长为 77 的棱,居中位于底面上方某个高度 hh。它的两个端点分别在 13×813 \times 8 底面的 (3,4)(3, 4)(10,4)(10, 4) 上方。从端点到一个底面顶点的斜边长为 32+42+h2=13\sqrt{3^2 + 4^2 + h^2} = 13,所以 h=12h = 12

在高度 zz 处,水平截面是一个矩形,尺寸为 (13z2)\left(13 - \dfrac{z}{2}\right)(82z3)\left(8 - \dfrac{2z}{3}\right)。当 z=0z = 0 时面积为 104104;当 z=6z = 6 时面积为 104=4010 \cdot 4 = 40;当 z=12z = 12 时顶棱面积为 00

由棱台公式, V=126(104+440+0)=2(264)=528. \begin{aligned} V &= \frac{12}{6}\left(104 + 4 \cdot 40 + 0\right) \\ &= 2(264) = 528. \end{aligned}

因此,正确答案是 C

The top is a ridge of length 7,7, centered above the base at some height h.h. Its endpoints sit above (3,4)(3, 4) and (10,4)(10, 4) of the 13×813 \times 8 base. A slant edge to a base corner has length 32+42+h2=13,\sqrt{3^2 + 4^2 + h^2} = 13, so h=12.h = 12.

At height z,z, the horizontal cross-section is a rectangle measuring (13z2)\left(13 - \dfrac{z}{2}\right) by (82z3).\left(8 - \dfrac{2z}{3}\right). At z=0z = 0 its area is 104104; at z=6z = 6 it is 104=4010 \cdot 4 = 40; at z=12z = 12 the ridge has area 0.0.

By the prismatoid formula, V=126(104+440+0)=2(264)=528. \begin{aligned} V &= \frac{12}{6}\left(104 + 4 \cdot 40 + 0\right) \\ &= 2(264) = 528. \end{aligned}

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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