2013 AMC 12B 第 20 题

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20.

135<x<180135^\circ \lt x \lt 180^\circ 时,点 P=(cosx,cos2x)P = (\cos x, \cos^2 x)Q=(cotx,cot2x)Q = (\cot x, \cot^2 x)R=(sinx,sin2x)R = (\sin x, \sin^2 x)S=(tanx,tan2x)S = (\tan x, \tan^2 x) 是一个梯形的四个顶点。求 sin(2x)\sin(2x)

For 135<x<180,135^\circ \lt x \lt 180^\circ, points P=(cosx,cos2x),P = (\cos x, \cos^2 x), Q=(cotx,cot2x),Q = (\cot x, \cot^2 x), R=(sinx,sin2x),R = (\sin x, \sin^2 x), and S=(tanx,tan2x)S = (\tan x, \tan^2 x) are the vertices of a trapezoid. What is sin(2x)?\sin(2x)?

2222 - 2\sqrt2

3363\sqrt3 - 6

3253\sqrt2 - 5

34-\dfrac{3}{4}

131 - \sqrt3

答案:A
知识点:抛物线三角恒等式梯形
难度评级:2270
解答:

每个点 (t,t2)(t, t^2) 都在 y=t2y = t^2 上,而连接参数为 t1,t2t_1, t_2 的两点所得弦的斜率为 t1+t2t_1 + t_2。当 135<x<180135^\circ \lt x \lt 180^\circ 时,cosx\cos xtanx\tan x 都介于 cotx\cot xsinx\sin x 之间,所以 PPSS 位于 QQRR 之间,平行边为 QRQRPSPS。由斜率相等可得 cotx+sinx=tanx+cosx\cot x + \sin x = \tan x + \cos x。两边乘以 sinxcosx\sin x\cos x 并化简,得 cosx+sinxsinxcosx=0\cos x + \sin x - \sin x\cos x = 0。两边平方,再利用 2sinxcosx=sin2x2\sin x\cos x = \sin 2x,可得 1+sin2x=14sin22x1 + \sin 2x = \tfrac14\sin^2 2x。它在 (1,1)(-1, 1) 中唯一的根为 sin2x=222\sin 2x = 2 - 2\sqrt2。所以正确答案是 A

Each point (t,t2)(t, t^2) lies on y=t2,y = t^2, and the chord through parameters t1,t2t_1, t_2 has slope t1+t2.t_1 + t_2. For 135<x<180,135^\circ \lt x \lt 180^\circ, both cosx\cos x and tanx\tan x lie between cotx\cot x and sinx,\sin x, so PP and SS sit between QQ and RR and the parallel sides are QRQR and PS.PS. Equal slopes give cotx+sinx=tanx+cosx.\cot x + \sin x = \tan x + \cos x. Multiplying by sinxcosx\sin x\cos x and simplifying yields cosx+sinxsinxcosx=0.\cos x + \sin x - \sin x\cos x = 0. Squaring and using 2sinxcosx=sin2x2\sin x\cos x = \sin 2x gives 1+sin2x=14sin22x,1 + \sin 2x = \tfrac14\sin^2 2x, whose only root in (1,1)(-1, 1) is sin2x=222.\sin 2x = 2 - 2\sqrt2. Thus, the correct answer is A.

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