2011 AMC 12B 第 23 题

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23.

一只虫子在坐标平面上移动,只沿着平行于 xx-轴或 yy-轴的直线行走。设 A=(3,2)A=(-3, 2)B=(3,2)B=(3, -2)。考虑所有从 AABB、长度至多为 2020 的可能路径。有多少个整数坐标点位于至少一条这样的路径上?

A bug travels in the coordinate plane, moving only along the lines that are parallel to the xx-axis or yy-axis. Let A=(3,2)A=(-3, 2) and B=(3,2).B=(3, -2). Consider all possible paths of the bug from AA to BB of length at most 20.20. How many points with integer coordinates lie on at least one of these paths?

161161

185185

195195

227227

255255

答案:C
知识点:格点分类讨论对称性
难度评级:2390
解答:

格点 X=(x,y)X=(x,y) 位于某条路径上,当且仅当 该式在 xxx\to-xyyy\to-y 时不变,所以先数 x0x\ge0y0y\ge0 的点,再乘以 44,并校正坐标轴上的重复计数。 d=x3+x+3+y2+y+220. \begin{aligned} d&=|x-3|+|x+3| \\ &\quad {}+|y-2|+|y+2|\le20. \end{aligned}

根据 0x30\le x\le30y20\le y\le2 是否成立分成四块,第一象限(含坐标轴)内共有 43=124\cdot3=12 个点。由对称性,总数为 0x30\le x\le3 y3y\ge3y7y\le745=204\cdot5=20 x4x\ge4 0y20\le y\le2x8x\le853=155\cdot3=15 x4x\ge4 y3y\ge3x+y10x+y\le104+3+2+1=104+3+2+1=10 5757 1515 4572153=195. 4\cdot57-2\cdot15-3=195.

所以正确答案是 C

A lattice point X=(x,y)X=(x,y) lies on some path exactly when d=x3+x+3+y2+y+220. \begin{aligned} d&=|x-3|+|x+3| \\ &\quad {}+|y-2|+|y+2|\le20. \end{aligned} This expression is unchanged when xxx\to-x or yy,y\to-y, so we count points with x0,x\ge0, y0,y\ge0, multiply by 4,4, and correct for the axes.

If 0x30\le x\le3 and 0y2,0\le y\le2, all 43=124\cdot3=12 points work. If 0x30\le x\le3 and y3,y\ge3, then y7,y\le7, giving 45=204\cdot5=20 points. If x4x\ge4 and 0y2,0\le y\le2, then x8,x\le8, giving 53=155\cdot3=15 points. Finally, for x4x\ge4 and y3,y\ge3, the condition is x+y10,x+y\le10, giving 4+3+2+1=104+3+2+1=10 points. Thus there are 5757 in the first quadrant, including 1515 on the nonnegative axes. By symmetry the total is 4572153=195. 4\cdot57-2\cdot15-3=195.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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