2008 AMC 12B 第 24 题

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24.

A0=(0,0)A_0 = (0, 0)。互不相同的点 A1,A2,A_1, A_2, \ldots 位于 xx 轴上,互不相同的点 B1,B2,B_1, B_2, \ldots 位于 y=xy = \sqrt{x} 的图像上。对每个正整数 nnAn1BnAnA_{n-1}B_nA_n 是等边三角形。使得长度 A0An100A_0A_n \ge 100 的最小 nn 是多少?

Let A0=(0,0).A_0 = (0, 0). Distinct points A1,A2,A_1, A_2, \ldots lie on the xx-axis, and distinct points B1,B2,B_1, B_2, \ldots lie on the graph of y=x.y = \sqrt{x}. For every positive integer n,n, An1BnAnA_{n-1}B_nA_n is an equilateral triangle. What is the least nn for which the length A0An100?A_0A_n \ge 100?

1313

1515

1717

1919

2121

答案:C
知识点:递推等边三角形求和
难度评级:2270
解答:

an=A0Ana_n = A_0A_n,并令 cn=anan1c_n = a_n - a_{n-1} 为第 nn 个等边三角形的底边。其顶点 BnB_n 位于底边中点上方,高度为 32cn\tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}c_n,且在 y=xy = \sqrt{x} 上,所以 即 (32cn)2=an1+cn2, \left(\tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}c_n\right)^2 = a_{n-1} + \tfrac{c_n}{2}, 34cn2=an1+cn2. \tfrac34 c_n^2 = a_{n-1} + \tfrac{c_n}{2}.

对前一个三角形写出相同关系并相减,得到 cn=cn1+23c_n = c_{n-1} + \tfrac23,又 c1=23c_1 = \tfrac23,所以 cn=2n3c_n = \tfrac{2n}{3}。求和得 an=k=1n2k3=n(n+1)3. a_n = \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{2k}{3} = \frac{n(n + 1)}{3}.

需要 n(n+1)3100\tfrac{n(n + 1)}{3} \ge 100,即 n(n+1)300n(n + 1) \ge 300。由于 1617=27216 \cdot 17 = 2721718=30617 \cdot 18 = 306,最小的 nn1717

因此,正确答案是 C

Let an=A0Ana_n = A_0A_n and cn=anan1c_n = a_n - a_{n-1} be the base of the nnth equilateral triangle. Its apex BnB_n lies above the midpoint at height 32cn,\tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}c_n, and being on y=xy = \sqrt{x} gives (32cn)2=an1+cn2, \left(\tfrac{\sqrt3}{2}c_n\right)^2 = a_{n-1} + \tfrac{c_n}{2}, i.e. 34cn2=an1+cn2. \tfrac34 c_n^2 = a_{n-1} + \tfrac{c_n}{2}.

Writing the same relation for the previous triangle and subtracting gives cn=cn1+23,c_n = c_{n-1} + \tfrac23, and with c1=23c_1 = \tfrac23 we get cn=2n3.c_n = \tfrac{2n}{3}. Summing, an=k=1n2k3=n(n+1)3. a_n = \sum_{k=1}^n \frac{2k}{3} = \frac{n(n + 1)}{3}.

We need n(n+1)3100,\tfrac{n(n + 1)}{3} \ge 100, i.e. n(n+1)300.n(n + 1) \ge 300. Since 1617=27216 \cdot 17 = 272 and 1718=306,17 \cdot 18 = 306, the least such nn is 17.17.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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