2008 AMC 12B 第 18 题

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18.

一个棱锥的底面是正方形 ABCDABCD,顶点为 EE。正方形 ABCDABCD 的面积为 196196ABE\triangle ABECDE\triangle CDE 的面积分别为 1051059191,这个棱锥的体积是多少?

A pyramid has a square base ABCDABCD and vertex E.E. The area of square ABCDABCD is 196,196, and the areas of ABE\triangle ABE and CDE\triangle CDE are 105105 and 91,91, respectively. What is the volume of the pyramid?

392392

1966196\sqrt{6}

3922392\sqrt{2}

3923392\sqrt{3}

784784

答案:E
知识点:棱锥体积海伦公式
难度评级:1910
解答:

正方形边长为 196=14\sqrt{196} = 14。令 FFGG 分别为从 EEABABCDCD 的垂足。于是 FG=14FG = 14EF=210514=15EF = \tfrac{2 \cdot 105}{14} = 15,且 EG=29114=13EG = \tfrac{2 \cdot 91}{14} = 13

三角形 EFGEFG 位于垂直于底面的平面内,因此它到 FGFG 的高就是棱锥的高。由海伦公式,半周长 s=21s = 21,其面积为 21687=84\sqrt{21 \cdot 6 \cdot 8 \cdot 7} = 84,所以到 FGFG 的高为 28414=12\tfrac{2 \cdot 84}{14} = 12

体积为 1319612=784\tfrac13 \cdot 196 \cdot 12 = 784

因此,正确答案是 E

The square has side 196=14.\sqrt{196} = 14. Let FF and GG be the feet of the perpendiculars from EE to ABAB and CD.CD. Then FG=14,FG = 14, EF=210514=15,EF = \tfrac{2 \cdot 105}{14} = 15, and EG=29114=13.EG = \tfrac{2 \cdot 91}{14} = 13.

Triangle EFGEFG lies in a plane perpendicular to the base, so its altitude to FGFG is the pyramid's height. By Heron's formula with s=21,s = 21, its area is 21687=84,\sqrt{21 \cdot 6 \cdot 8 \cdot 7} = 84, so the altitude to FGFG is 28414=12.\tfrac{2 \cdot 84}{14} = 12.

The volume is 1319612=784.\tfrac13 \cdot 196 \cdot 12 = 784.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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