2006 AMC 12B 第 23 题

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23.

等腰 ABC\triangle ABCCC 处为直角。点 PPABC\triangle ABC 内部,且 PA=11PA = 11PB=7PB = 7PC=6PC = 6。直角边 AC\overline{AC}BC\overline{BC} 的长度为 s=a+b2s = \sqrt{a + b\sqrt{2}},其中 aabb 为正整数。求 a+ba + b

Isosceles ABC\triangle ABC has a right angle at C.C. Point PP is inside ABC,\triangle ABC, such that PA=11,PA = 11, PB=7,PB = 7, and PC=6.PC = 6. Legs AC\overline{AC} and BC\overline{BC} have length s=a+b2,s = \sqrt{a + b\sqrt{2}}, where aa and bb are positive integers. What is a+b?a + b?

8585

9191

108108

121121

127127

答案:E
知识点:变换余弦定理勾股定理
难度评级:2390
解答:

ABC\triangle ABCCC 旋转 9090^\circ,使 AA 映到 BBPP 映到 PP'。则 CP=CP=6CP' = CP = 6,且 PCP=90\angle PCP' = 90^\circ,所以 PCP\triangle PCP' 是等腰直角三角形,PP=62PP' = 6\sqrt2

另外 BP=AP=11BP' = AP = 11。因为 (62)2+72=72+49(6\sqrt2)^2 + 7^2 = 72 + 49 =121=112= 121 = 11^2,三角形 BPPBPP'PP 处为直角。因此 BPC=BPP\angle BPC = \angle BPP' +PPC=90+ \angle P'PC = 90^\circ +45=135+ 45^\circ = 135^\circ

BPC\triangle BPC 中使用余弦定理: BC2=62+72267cos135=85+422. \begin{aligned} &BC^2 = 6^2 + 7^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot 6 \cdot 7 \cos 135^\circ \\ &\quad = 85 + 42\sqrt2. \end{aligned}

所以 s2=85+422s^2 = 85 + 42\sqrt2,得到 a=85a = 85b=42b = 42,因此 a+b=127a + b = 127

因此,正确答案是 E

Rotate ABC\triangle ABC by 9090^\circ about C,C, sending AA to BB and PP to P.P'. Then CP=CP=6CP' = CP = 6 and PCP=90,\angle PCP' = 90^\circ, so PCP\triangle PCP' is an isosceles right triangle with PP=62.PP' = 6\sqrt2.

Also BP=AP=11.BP' = AP = 11. Since (62)2+72=72+49(6\sqrt2)^2 + 7^2 = 72 + 49 =121=112,= 121 = 11^2, triangle BPPBPP' has a right angle at P.P. Hence BPC=BPP\angle BPC = \angle BPP' +PPC=90+ \angle P'PC = 90^\circ +45=135.+ 45^\circ = 135^\circ.

By the Law of Cosines in BPC,\triangle BPC, BC2=62+72267cos135=85+422. \begin{aligned} &BC^2 = 6^2 + 7^2 \\ &\quad {}- 2 \cdot 6 \cdot 7 \cos 135^\circ \\ &\quad = 85 + 42\sqrt2. \end{aligned}

So s2=85+422,s^2 = 85 + 42\sqrt2, giving a=85,a = 85, b=42,b = 42, and a+b=127.a + b = 127.

Thus, the correct answer is E.

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