2006 AMC 12B 真题
计时
1:15:00
1.
求下式的值:
What is
小提示:
的值为 (当 为偶数)或 (当 为奇数)。
equals when is even and when is odd
大提示:
把 项分成连续的配对
Group the terms into consecutive pairs
解答:
因为奇数 时 ,偶数 时 ,各项交替为 。
共有 项,可分成 对,每对都是 。总和为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Since for odd and for even the terms alternate
There are terms, forming pairs, each equal to The total is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
2.
3.
Cougars 队和 Panthers 队进行了一场橄榄球比赛。两队总共得了 分,Cougars 队以 分的优势获胜。Panthers 队得了多少分?
A football game was played between two teams, the Cougars and the Panthers. The two teams scored a total of points, and the Cougars won by a margin of points. How many points did the Panthers score?
答案:A
小提示:
设两队得分为 和 ,则 ,且 。
Let and be the two scores, with and
大提示:
两个方程相减可得到
Subtracting the two equations isolates
解答:
设 Cougars 和 Panthers 的得分分别为 和 ,则 ,且 。
相减得 ,所以 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Let and be the Cougars’ and Panthers’ scores. Then and
Subtracting gives so
Thus, the correct answer is A.
4.
Mary 准备在杂货店为五件商品付款。这些商品的价格分别为 ,,,,和 。Mary 将用一张二十美元的纸币付款。她收到的找零约占 的百分之几?
Mary is about to pay for five items at the grocery store. The prices of the items are and Mary will pay with a twenty-dollar bill. Which of the following is closest to the percentage of the that she will receive in change?
小提示:
把每个价格四舍五入到最接近的美元,快速估计总价
Round each price to the nearest dollar to estimate the total quickly
大提示:
找零是 减去总价;把它与 比较成分数
The change is minus the total; compare it to as a fraction
解答:
商品价格总计 ,所以找零为 。它占 的百分比为 最接近的选项是 。
所以正确答案是 A。
The prices total so the change is As a percentage of this is The closest listed percentage is
Thus, the correct answer is A.
5.
John 以每小时 英里的速度向东走,Bob 也向东走,但速度为每小时 英里。如果 Bob 现在在 John 以西 英里处,Bob 需要多少分钟才能追上 John?
John is walking east at a speed of miles per hour, while Bob is also walking east, but at a speed of miles per hour. If Bob is now mile west of John, how many minutes will it take for Bob to catch up to John?
小提示:
Bob 缩短距离的速度是两人的速度差
Bob gains ground at the difference of the two speeds
大提示:
他要以每小时 英里的速度追上 英里的差距。
He must close a -mile gap at miles per hour
解答:
Bob 以每小时 英里的相对速度缩短距离。追平 英里的差距需要 小时,也就是 分钟。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Bob closes the gap at a relative speed of miles per hour. To cover the -mile gap takes hour, or minutes.
Thus, the correct answer is A.
6.
Francesca 用 克柠檬汁、 克糖和 克水制作柠檬水。 克柠檬汁含有 卡路里, 克糖含有 卡路里。水不含卡路里。每 克这种柠檬水含有多少卡路里?
Francesca uses grams of lemon juice, grams of sugar, and grams of water to make lemonade. There are calories in grams of lemon juice and calories in grams of sugar. Water contains no calories. How many calories are in grams of her lemonade?
答案:B
小提示:
先求整批柠檬水的总卡路里和总克数
Find the total calories and total grams of the whole batch first
大提示:
克是整批 克的三分之一
grams is one third of the full -gram batch
解答:
整批柠檬水重 克,含有 卡路里。
因为 克是整批的三分之一,所以它含有 卡路里。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The full batch weighs grams and contains calories.
Since grams is one third of the batch, it has calories.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
7.
Lopez 先生和 Lopez 太太有两个孩子。他们上家庭汽车时,两个人坐在前排,另外两个人坐在后排。Lopez 先生或 Lopez 太太必须坐在驾驶座。共有多少种座位安排?
Mr. and Mrs. Lopez have two children. When they get into their family car, two people sit in the front, and the other two sit in the back. Either Mr. Lopez or Mrs. Lopez must sit in the driver’s seat. How many seating arrangements are possible?
小提示:
按顺序安排座位:驾驶座、副驾驶座,然后是两个后排座位
Fill the seats in order: driver, then front passenger, then the two back seats
大提示:
驾驶座有 种选择,副驾驶座有 种选择,后排有 种顺序
There are choices for the driver and for the front passenger, then orders in back
解答:
驾驶员是两位父母之一:有 种选择。
剩下的 人中任意一人可以坐副驾驶座,最后 人坐后排,有 种顺序。
总数为 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The driver is one of the two parents: choices.
Any of the remaining people can sit in the front passenger seat, and the last people fill the back in orders.
The total is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
8.
9.
有多少个三位偶数满足:从左到右读,它们的各位数字严格递增?
How many even three-digit integers have the property that their digits, read left to right, are in strictly increasing order?
小提示:
个位数字是偶数;前两个较小的数字都必须小于它
The units digit is even; the two smaller digits must both be less than it
大提示:
对每个偶数个位 数出从小于 的数字中选两个递增数字的方法数
For each even units digit count the ways to choose two increasing digits below
解答:
设三个数字为 ,且 为偶数。因为 ,没有数字为零,并且 (没有两个更小的非零数字可选)。
一旦个位数字 固定,任意两个小于它的不同数字都能按递增顺序唯一排列。因此每个 的计数是 。
对 分别计数,得到
因此,正确答案是 B。
Let the digits be with even. Since no digit is zero, and (there is no room for two smaller nonzero digits).
Once the units digit is fixed, any two distinct digits below it can be arranged in increasing order in exactly one way. So the count for each is
For this gives
Thus, the correct answer is B.
10.
一个三角形的边长都是整数,其中一条边是第二条边的三倍,第三条边长为 。这个三角形的最大可能周长是多少?
In a triangle with integer side lengths, one side is three times as long as a second side, and the length of the third side is What is the greatest possible perimeter of the triangle?
小提示:
设三边为 、 和 ,再使用三角形不等式。
Let the sides be and then apply the triangle inequality
大提示:
起限制作用的条件是 ,它给出了 的上界。
The binding condition is which caps how large can be
解答:
设三边为 、 和 。三角形不等式要求 ,所以 ;且 ,所以 。
周长 在 时最大,得到 。
因此,正确答案是 A。
Let the sides be and The triangle inequality requires so and so
The perimeter is largest when giving
Thus, the correct answer is A.
11.
Joe 和 JoAnn 各自在 盎司杯中买了 盎司咖啡。Joe 喝掉 盎司咖啡后加入 盎司奶油。JoAnn 先加入 盎司奶油,充分搅拌后再喝掉 盎司。最后 Joe 的咖啡中奶油量与 JoAnn 的咖啡中奶油量之比是多少?
Joe and JoAnn each bought ounces of coffee in a -ounce cup. Joe drank ounces of his coffee and then added ounces of cream. JoAnn added ounces of cream, stirred the coffee well, and then drank ounces. What is the resulting ratio of the amount of cream in Joe’s coffee to that in JoAnn’s coffee?
小提示:
Joe 是喝完后才加奶油,所以他的 盎司奶油全部留下
Joe adds cream after drinking, so all ounces of his cream remain
大提示:
JoAnn 从充分混合的 盎司饮料中喝掉一部分,奶油按比例减少
JoAnn drinks from a well-mixed -ounce cup, removing cream in proportion
解答:
Joe 最后加入奶油,所以杯中保留了全部 盎司奶油。
JoAnn 的杯中有 盎司混合物,其中含 盎司奶油。喝掉 盎司会按比例移走 的所有成分,剩下的奶油为 盎司。
比值为
因此,正确答案是 E。
Joe adds the cream last, so his cup holds all ounces of cream.
JoAnn’s cup has ounces of mixture containing ounces of cream. Drinking ounces removes a fraction of everything, leaving ounces of cream.
The ratio is
Thus, the correct answer is E.
12.
抛物线 的顶点为 ,且 轴截距为 ,其中 。求 。
The parabola has vertex and -intercept where What is
13.
菱形 与菱形 相似。菱形 的面积为 ,且 。菱形 的面积是多少?
Rhombus is similar to rhombus The area of rhombus is and What is the area of rhombus
小提示:
因为 ,三角形 是等边三角形,所以 等于菱形的边长。
Since triangle is equilateral, so equals a side
大提示:
若对角线交于 ,则 是一个 –– 三角形;比较长、短对角线
If the diagonals meet at then is a –– triangle; compare the long and short diagonals
解答:
设菱形 的两条对角线交于 。它们互相垂直平分;又因为 ,所以三角形 是 –– 三角形。因此两条半对角线满足 。
线段 是 的短对角线,也是相似菱形 的长对角线。因此小菱形与大菱形的长度之比为 。面积按这个比的平方缩放,所以 的面积为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let the diagonals of meet at They bisect each other at right angles, and since triangle is a –– triangle. Hence the half-diagonals satisfy
The segment is the short diagonal of and the long diagonal of the similar rhombus Thus the smaller-to-larger length ratio is Areas scale by the square of this ratio, so the area of is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
14.
Elmo 为筹款活动制作 个三明治。每个三明治使用 团花生酱,每团 ¢;以及 团果酱,每团 ¢。制作所有三明治所用花生酱和果酱的成本为 。假设 、 和 都是正整数,且 。Elmo 制作这些三明治所用果酱的成本是多少?
Elmo makes sandwiches for a fundraiser. For each sandwich he uses globs of peanut butter at ¢ per glob and blobs of jam at ¢ per blob. The cost of the peanut butter and jam to make all the sandwiches is Assume that and are positive integers with What is the cost of the jam Elmo uses to make the sandwiches?
小提示:
总成本为 美分;分解 。
The total cost is cents; factor
大提示:
检验约数 ,并要求 和 都是正整数。
Test then determine the numbers of peanut-butter globs and jam blobs
解答:
以美分计,总成本为 。因为 , 的可能值为 、 或 。
若 则 ;若 则 ;二者都没有正整数解。
所以 ,且 ,唯一的正整数解为 、。
果酱成本为 ¢ 美分,即 。
因此,正确答案是 D。
The total cost in cents is Since the value of is or
If then and if then neither has a positive integer solution.
So and whose only positive solution is
The jam costs ¢ cents, or
Thus, the correct answer is D.
15.
圆心为 和 的两个圆半径分别为 和 ,并且外切。点 和 在圆心为 的圆上,点 和 在圆心为 的圆上,使得 和 是两个圆的公外切线。六边形 的面积是多少?
Circles with centers and have radii and respectively, and are externally tangent. Points and are on the circle centered at and points and are on the circle centered at such that and are common external tangents to the circles. What is the area of hexagon
小提示:
两圆圆心距离 ,到切点的半径垂直于切线。
The centers are apart, and the radii to the tangent points are perpendicular to the tangent
大提示:
是直角梯形;用勾股定理求它的斜边,再把面积加倍
is a right trapezoid; find its slant side with the Pythagorean theorem, then double the area
解答:
两圆外切,所以 。在四边形 中, 和 都垂直于切线 ,因此它是直角梯形。
过 作平行于 的直线,可形成一个直角三角形,斜边为 ,一条直角边为 ,所以 。
梯形 的面积为
由对称性,六边形 由两个这样的梯形组成,所以面积为 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
The circles are externally tangent, so In quadrilateral both and are perpendicular to the tangent line making it a right trapezoid.
Drawing the line through parallel to creates a right triangle with hypotenuse and one leg so
The trapezoid has area
By symmetry the hexagon is made of two such trapezoids, so its area is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
16.
正六边形 的顶点 和 分别为 和 。它的面积是多少?
Regular hexagon has vertices and at and respectively. What is its area?
小提示:
和 相隔两个顶点,所以 是正六边形的一条短对角线
and are two vertices apart, so is a short diagonal of the hexagon
大提示:
若边长为 ,短对角线为 ;面积为
For side length the short diagonal is the area is
解答:
距离 。正六边形边长为 时,相隔两个顶点的距离为 ,所以 ,即 。
六边形面积为
因此,正确答案是 C。
The distance is In a regular hexagon with side the distance between vertices two apart is so giving
The hexagon’s area is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
17.
有一对特殊的骰子,每个骰子掷出 ,,,, 和 的概率之比为 。掷这两个骰子,总和为 的概率是多少?
For a particular peculiar pair of dice, the probabilities of rolling and on each die are in the ratio What is the probability of rolling a total of on the two dice?
18.
平面上的一个物体从一个格点移动到另一个格点。每一步,物体可以向右、向左、向上或向下移动一个单位。如果物体从原点出发,走一条十步路径,那么终点可能有多少个不同的位置?
An object in the plane moves from one lattice point to another. At each step, the object may move one unit to the right, one unit to the left, one unit up, or one unit down. If the object starts at the origin and takes a ten-step path, how many different points could be the final point?
小提示:
步后终点 满足 ,且 为偶数。
After steps the endpoint satisfies with even
大提示:
数出菱形 内坐标和为偶数的格点
Count lattice points with even coordinate sum inside the diamond
解答:
每一步都会使坐标和改变 ,所以 步后终点 满足 为偶数,且 。任何这样的点都可到达:先走 步到达它,再用剩下的偶数步往返。
可到达的点落在直线 上,其中 。每条这样的直线与该菱形恰有 个格点。
共有 条直线,每条 个点,因此共有 个点。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Each step changes the coordinate sum by so after steps the endpoint has even, and Any such point is reachable: walk steps to it, then use the remaining even number of steps going out and back.
The reachable points lie on the lines for Each such line meets the diamond in exactly lattice points.
With lines and points each, there are points.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
19.
Jones 先生有八个年龄各不相同的孩子。在一次家庭旅行中,他最大的孩子 岁,看到一块车牌上的 位数,其中两个数字各出现两次。她喊道:“看,爸爸!那个数能被我们每个孩子的年龄整除!” Jones 先生回答:“没错,而且最后两位数字刚好是我的年龄。”下列哪一个不是 Jones 先生某个孩子的年龄?
Mr. Jones has eight children of different ages. On a family trip his oldest child, who is spots a license plate with a -digit number in which each of two digits appears two times. “Look, daddy!” she exclaims. “That number is evenly divisible by the age of each of us kids!” “That’s right,” replies Mr. Jones, “and the last two digits just happen to be my age.” Which of the following is not the age of one of Mr. Jones’s children?
小提示:
最大的孩子 岁,所以该数能被 整除,迫使两个数字之和为 。
The oldest child is so the number is divisible by forcing the two digits to sum to
大提示:
一个以两位年龄结尾的数不能以 结尾,因此思考它必须避开哪个较小的年龄。
A number ending in a two-digit age cannot end in so think about which small ages it must avoid
解答:
这个数的形式为 ,,或 。能被 整除说明 是 的倍数,所以 。
八个不同年龄是从 到 的九个整数中的八个,所以年龄 和 中至少出现一个。因此这个数能被 整除。可能性变为 ,。
因为末两位是 Jones 先生的年龄, 不可能,其余数也都不是 的倍数。所以孩子们的年龄不能包含 。事实上, 能被 整除。
所以正确答案是 B。
The number has the form or Divisibility by means is a multiple of so
The eight distinct ages are eight of the nine integers from through so at least one of ages and occurs. Therefore the number is divisible by The possibilities become
Since the last two digits are Mr. Jones’s age, is impossible, and none of the others is a multiple of So the children’s ages cannot include Indeed is divisible by
Thus, the correct answer is B.
20.
从区间 中随机选取 。满足 的概率是多少?这里 表示小于或等于 的最大整数。
Let be chosen at random from the interval What is the probability that Here denotes the greatest integer that is less than or equal to
小提示:
条件表示 和 具有相同的十的幂数量级
The condition says and have the same power-of-ten magnitude
大提示:
在每个区间 上,条件在 时成立。
On each interval the condition holds for
解答:
方程表示 ,也就是 和 位于同一区间 。
这恰好在 且 时成立,即 。
在 内,有利部分所占比例为
因为这个比例在每个这样的区间上都相同,所以总概率为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
The equation says i.e. and lie in the same interval
This holds exactly when and that is
Within the favorable fraction is
Since this fraction is the same on every such interval, the overall probability is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
21.
矩形 的面积为 。一个面积为 的椭圆经过 和 ,焦点在 和 。这个矩形的周长是多少?(椭圆面积为 ,其中 和 是两条轴的长度。)
Rectangle has area An ellipse with area passes through and and has foci at and What is the perimeter of the rectangle? (The area of an ellipse is where and are the lengths of its axes.)
小提示:
对该椭圆,从 到两个焦点 的距离和等于矩形的两条邻边之和。
For the ellipse, the sum of distances from to the foci equals a rectangle diagonal plus a side
大提示:
设边长为 ,则 ,且对角线 。
Let the sides be then and the diagonal
解答:
设矩形边长为 和 。点 在以 和 为焦点的椭圆上,所以 。两个焦点之间的距离是矩形对角线,所以 。
因此 ,所以 。由矩形面积可得 ,从而 。
椭圆面积给出 ,所以 ,且 。
矩形周长为 。
因此,正确答案是 C。
Let the rectangle’s sides be and Point is on the ellipse with foci and so The distance between the foci is the diagonal, so
Then so The area gives hence
The ellipse area gives so and
The perimeter is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
22.
设 、、 为正整数,且 ,并且 ,其中 和 为整数,且 不能被 整除。 的最小可能值是多少?
Suppose and are positive integers with and where and are integers and is not divisible by What is the smallest possible value of
小提示:
因子 比因子 少,所以 计数的是 中因子 的个数。
Factors of are scarcer than factors of so counts the factors of in
大提示:
对每个 的幂使用 。
Use at each power of
解答:
因子 比因子 充足,所以 等于 中因子 的个数,即
对每个 , 。对 求和(因为 ),得到
等号可以达到,例如取 、。所以最小值为 。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Since factors of are more plentiful than factors of equals the number of factors of in namely
For each Summing over (as ) gives
Equality is attainable, for example with and So the minimum is
Thus, the correct answer is B.
23.
等腰 在 处为直角。点 在 内部,且 、、。直角边 和 的长度为 ,其中 和 为正整数。求 。
Isosceles has a right angle at Point is inside such that and Legs and have length where and are positive integers. What is
小提示:
将 绕 旋转 ,使 映到
Rotate by about so that maps onto
大提示:
的像与 构成一个等腰直角三角形,从而确定 。
The image of forms an isosceles right triangle with which pins down
解答:
将 绕 旋转 ,使 映到 , 映到 。则 ,且 ,所以 是等腰直角三角形,。
另外 。因为 ,三角形 在 处为直角。因此 。
在 中使用余弦定理:
所以 ,得到 、,因此 。
因此,正确答案是 E。
Rotate by about sending to and to Then and so is an isosceles right triangle with
Also Since triangle has a right angle at Hence
By the Law of Cosines in
So giving and
Thus, the correct answer is E.
24.
设 为坐标平面中所有满足 且 的点 的集合。 中满足下式的子集的面积是多少
Let be the set of all points in the coordinate plane such that and What is the area of the subset of for which
小提示:
把表达式看作关于 的二次式,并求它等于 的位置
Treat the expression as a quadratic in and find where it equals
大提示:
边界化为 ,在 中给出若干直线。
The boundary reduces to giving straight lines in
解答:
固定 ,把 看作关于 的二次方程:
在 内, 给出直线 ;而 在 时给出 ,在 时给出 。
这些直线把 分成若干区域;检验角点可知不等式只在中间带状区域成立。其面积为
因此,正确答案是 C。
Fixing solve as a quadratic in
Within gives the line while gives for and for
These lines split into regions; testing the corners shows the inequality holds only in the middle band. Its area is
Thus, the correct answer is C.
25.
非负整数序列 ,, 由规则 ()定义。若 、,且 ,那么 可能有多少个不同的值?
A sequence of non-negative integers is defined by the rule for If and how many different values of are possible?
小提示:
和 总是同奇偶;结合 使用这一点。
The terms and always share the same parity; use this with
大提示:
每一项都是 的倍数,所以 ;注意 。
Every term is a multiple of so note
解答:
递推规则给出 ,所以 与 的奇偶性相同,因此 是奇数。
每一项都是 的倍数,而 迫使 。因为 ,所以 不能被 或 整除。
区间 中有 个奇数;去掉 个 的倍数和 个 的倍数,再加回 个 的倍数,得到
每个这样的 都可行。对连续正项 ,更新 至多每两步就会减小两者的最大值。因为初始两项都不超过 ,所以某个 会在 时出现。
每对连续项的最大公因数不变,所以零之前的两个相等项都等于 。此后序列循环经过 。最后,,所以 与 同为奇数;在这个循环中,它必定为 。
所以正确答案是 B。
The rule gives so has the same parity as thus is odd.
Every term is a multiple of and forces Since we need not divisible by or
Among the odd integers in there are removing the multiples of and multiples of then adding back the multiples of leaves
Each such works. For consecutive positive terms the update reduces their maximum within at most two steps. Since both initial terms are at most some occurs by
The gcd of each consecutive pair is invariant, so the equal terms immediately before that zero both equal The sequence then cycles through Finally, so has the same odd parity as in this cycle it must therefore be
Thus, the correct answer is B.