2006 AMC 12A 第 23 题

先试着解答 2006 AMC 12A 第 23 题,然后核对你的答案与精心整理的解答,解答来自 LIVE by Po-Shen Loh。你也可以参加完整限时模拟考试、查看全部 2006 AMC 12A 解答,或核对答案。

所有题目均经美国数学协会(MAA)官方合法授权使用。

23.

给定一个由 nn 个实数组成的有限序列 S=(a1,a2,…,an)S = (a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n),令 A(S)A(S) 为由 n−1n - 1 个实数组成的序列 (a1+a22,a2+a32,…,an−1+an2) \small \left(\frac{a_1 + a_2}{2}, \frac{a_2 + a_3}{2}, \ldots, \frac{a_{n-1} + a_n}{2}\right) 定义 A1(S)=A(S)A^1(S) = A(S),并且对每个满足 2≤m≤n−12 \le m \le n - 1 的整数 mm,定义 Am(S)=A(Am−1(S))A^m(S) = A(A^{m-1}(S))。已知 x>0x \gt 0,且令 S=(1,x,x2,…,x100)S = (1, x, x^2, \ldots, x^{100})。若 A100(S)=(1250)A^{100}(S) = (\frac{1}{2^{50}}),那么 xx 是多少?
Given a finite sequence S=(a1,a2,…,an)S = (a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n) of nn real numbers, let A(S)A(S) be the sequence (a1+a22,a2+a32,…,an−1+an2) \small \left(\frac{a_1 + a_2}{2}, \frac{a_2 + a_3}{2}, \ldots, \frac{a_{n-1} + a_n}{2}\right) of n−1n - 1 real numbers. Define A1(S)=A(S)A^1(S) = A(S) and, for each integer m,m, 2≤m≤n−1,2 \le m \le n - 1, define Am(S)=A(Am−1(S)).A^m(S) = A(A^{m-1}(S)). Suppose x>0,x \gt 0, and let S=(1,x,x2,…,x100).S = (1, x, x^2, \ldots, x^{100}). If A100(S)=(1250),A^{100}(S) = (\frac{1}{2^{50}}), then what is x?x?
1−221 - \dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}
2−1\sqrt{2} - 1
12\dfrac{1}{2}
2−22 - \sqrt{2}
22\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}
答案:B
知识点:二项式定理递推
小提示:
重复应用 AA 会引入二项式系数;A100(S)A^{100}(S) 只剩一个项。
Applying AA repeatedly introduces binomial coefficients; A100(S)A^{100}(S) has a single term
大提示:
该项为 (1+x)1002100\dfrac{(1 + x)^{100}}{2^{100}}。
That term is (1+x)1002100\dfrac{(1 + x)^{100}}{2^{100}}
解答:
每次应用 AA 都是在平均相邻项,所以 100100 步后剩下的唯一一项为 12100∑m=0100(100m)xm=(1+x)1002100。 \begin{gathered} \frac{1}{2^{100}} \sum_{m=0}^{100} \binom{100}{m} x^m \\ = \frac{(1 + x)^{100}}{2^{100}} \end{gathered}\text{。}
将其设为 1250\dfrac{1}{2^{50}},得 (1+x)100=250(1 + x)^{100} = 2^{50},所以 1+x=212=21 + x = 2^{\frac{1}{2}} = \sqrt{2}。因为 x>0x \gt 0,得 x=2−1x = \sqrt{2} - 1。
因此,正确答案是 B。
Each application of AA averages adjacent terms, so after 100100 steps the single remaining term is 12100∑m=0100(100m)xm=(1+x)1002100. \begin{gathered} \frac{1}{2^{100}} \sum_{m=0}^{100} \binom{100}{m} x^m \\ = \frac{(1 + x)^{100}}{2^{100}}. \end{gathered}
Setting this equal to 1250\dfrac{1}{2^{50}} gives (1+x)100=250,(1 + x)^{100} = 2^{50}, so 1+x=212=2.1 + x = 2^{\frac{1}{2}} = \sqrt{2}. Since x>0,x \gt 0, we get x=2−1.x = \sqrt{2} - 1.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
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